Piar.pl_nr3_30_Nauka_Triu... 174 kB *
Transkrypt
Piar.pl_nr3_30_Nauka_Triu... 174 kB *
nauka nauka JOURNAL OF PUBLIC RELATIONS RESEARCH, 17(2), 171–189, 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Triumfujący etnocentryzm: rola tożsamości w praktyce przypadku międzynarodowych praktyk public relations Yoonhyeung Choi i Glen T. 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