Page 1 [ ] No.4 (2010) GCOE Page 2 rko 2001:101 czytam nie

Page 1 [ ] No.4 (2010) GCOE Page 2 rko 2001:101 czytam nie

䇺䉮䊷䊌䉴䈮ၮ䈨䈒⸒⺆ቇᢎ⢒⎇ⓥႎ๔䇻㩷 㪥㫆㪅䋴㩷 䋨䋲䋰䋱䋰䋩㩷
ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߩุቯ⹖“nie”ߣᤚ⹺⹖“tak”
ʊ⥄ὼળ⹤ߦ߅ߌࠆ૶↪ߦߟ޿ߡʊ
ࠞ࠴ࡑ࡟ࠢࡒࡠࠬࡢࡃ
㧔᧲੩ᄖ࿖⺆ᄢቇ GCOE ࡝ࠨ࡯࠴ࡈࠚࡠ࡯㧕
ⷐ ᣦ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼ੱߩળ⹤ߦߒ߫ߒ߫⃻ࠇࠆุቯ⹖̌nie̍
‫ߣޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ᤚ⹺⹖̌tak̍
‫ߩޠ޿ߪޟ‬಴⃻▎ᚲ߿⺣⹤⊛ᗧ๧㧘⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻ߥߤߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥ࡟ࡌ࡞߆ࠄ⷗ࠇ
߫㧘਄⸥ߩഥ⹖ߩᗧ๧ߪ㧘ุቯ㧘ᚗ޿ߪ㧘ᤚ⹺ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᢥ㗡㧘ᢥᧃ㧘ᚗ޿ߪ㧘േ
⹖ߦవⴕߔࠆ߆ุ߆ߦࠃߞߡ㧘ߟ߹ࠅ಴⃻▎ᚲߦࠃߞߡ㧘⺣⹤⊛ᗧ๧㧘߹ߚߪ㧘⺣⹤⊛ᯏ
⢻߇⇣ߥࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ㧘ળ⹤ߦ⃻ࠇࠆ̌nie̍
‫ޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬෸߮̌tak̍
‫⊛⹤⺣ߩޠ޿ߪޟ‬ᗧ๧
ߣ⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻ߦߟ޿ߡಽᨆߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߪߓ߼ߦ
ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߩุቯ⹖̌nie̍
‫ߪޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬㧘ᣣᧄ⺆ߩุቯ⹖‫ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ᗧ๧ߦૃߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߘߒߡ㧘⧷⺆ߩุቯ⹖̌no̍ߦ߽ᗧ๧߇ㄭ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘૶↪ߩ㕙߆ࠄᬌ⸛ߔ
ࠆߣ㧘㆑߁ߣߎࠈ߇޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ળ⹤ో૕ࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߡಽᨆߔࠇ߫㧘ળ⹤႐㕙ߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ․ᓽ߇⷗߃ߡߊࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㧘
‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩળ⹤‫ޟ߿ޠ‬ᅚᕈห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ᙣⷫળߢߩ⥄Ꮖ⚫੺‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ޠ‬㧘
‫ޟ‬ቇળߢߩ⊒⴫‫߇ߤߥޠ‬᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘⡞߈ᚻߪ 1 ੱߢ޽ࠆ߆ᢙੱߢ޽ࠆ߆㧘߹ߚ
⡞߈ᚻ߇⹤ߒᚻࠃࠅ␠ળ⊛ߦ਄߆ਅ߆㧘ᚗ޿ߪ႐㕙߇෩߆ߢ޽ࠆ߆ุ߆ߥߤߩ᧦ઙߦࠃߞ
ߡ㧘ߘߩ႐㕙ߩ㔓࿐᳇߇ᄌࠊࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ߘࠇߦᔕߓߡ㧘⸒⪲㆜޿߽৻ᄌߔ
ࠆߎߣ߇ࠃߊ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ળ⹤႐㕙߇ᄌࠊࠇ߫㧘ุቯ⹖̌nie̍
‫߇₸↪૶ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ᄌࠊࠆ߆㧘ᚗ޿ߪ㧘
ᄌࠊࠄߥ޿߆ࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘ุቯ⹖ߣኻᲧߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢ㧘ุቯ⹖ߣ෻ኻߩᗧ๧ࠍᜬߟᤚ
⹺⹖ߩ̌tak̍
‫ޕࠆߴ⺞߽₸↪૶ߩޠ޿ߪޟ‬ળ⹤႐㕙ߣߒߡ㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿ߦᏅ㆑
ߩ޽ࠆ႐㕙ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ߩࠖ࠹࡝ࡑ࡯ࠜࡈࠍޠ‬ᐲว޿߇㜞޿႐㕙ߣߒߡ㧘
‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ߩࠖ࠹࡝ࡑ࡯ࠜࡈࠍޠ‬ᐲว޿߇ૐ޿႐㕙ߣߒߡⷙቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧙㧙
ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼ߩഥ⹖ߦߟ޿ߡ
ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߪࠗࡦ࠼࡮࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ⺆ᣖ㧘⷏ࠬ࡜ࡧ⻉⺆ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ‫⻉ࡧ࡜ࠬ⷏ߩઁޕ‬
⺆ߦߪ㧘଀߃߫㧘࠴ࠚࠦ⺆ߣࠬࡠࡧࠔࠠࠕ⺆߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߪዮ᛬⸒⺆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩ⺆࠼ࡦ࡜࡯ࡐޕ‬ຠ⹖ߩ৻ㇱߪዮ᛬ߔࠆ߇㧘৻ㇱߪዮ᛬
ߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬ዮ᛬ߔࠆຠ⹖ߪ㧘ฬ⹖㧘േ⹖㧘ᒻኈ⹖㧘ઍฬ⹖㧘ᢙ⹖ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዮ᛬ߒߥ޿ຠ⹖ߦ
ߪ㧘೽⹖㧘೨⟎⹖㧘ធ⛯⹖㧘ഥ⹖㧘㑆ᛩ⹖߇޽ࠆ㧔Nagórko 2001:101㧕‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߩ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢ
ߣߥࠆุቯߩᗧࠍ␜ߔ̌nie̍
‫ߣޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬㧘ᤚ⹺ߩᗧࠍ␜ߔ̌tak̍
‫ߪ⺆߁޿ߣޠ޿ߪޟ‬ഥ⹖
ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߪᣣᧄ⺆ߣ㆑ߞߡ㧘ุቯߩᗧ๧ߣᤚ⹺ߩᗧ๧ࠍ඙೎ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘േ⹖ߩᒻ
ࠍᄌൻߔࠆߎߣߪߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬േ⹖ߩ೨ߦ̌nie̍
‫߁޿ߣޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ഥ⹖ࠍᝌ౉ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘േ⹖
ߩᗧ๧ߪุቯߩᗧ๧ߦᄌࠊࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㧘ᰴߩ଀ߢ␜ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬
“czytam”
㧦
“nie czytam”
‫ޠ޿ߥ߹⺒ߪ⑳ޟ ޠ߻⺒ߪ⑳ޟ‬
“pijesz”
㧦
“nie pijesz”
‫ߪߚߥ޽ޟ‬㘶߻‫ߪߚߥ޽ޟ ޠ‬㘶߹ߥ޿‫ޠ‬
“grali”
㧦 “nie grali”
‫ޟ‬ᓐࠄߪㆆࠎߛ‫ޟ ޠ‬ᓐࠄߪㆆ߫ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޠ‬
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘਄⸥ߩ଀ߢ⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥേ⹖ߩᗧ๧ߣ⋥ធߦ㑐ଥߔࠆ̌nie̍
‫ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬
૶↪ߪ㧘ಽᨆߩኻ⽎ߦߥࠄߥ޿‫↪ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᴺߪ㧘ุቯߩᗧ๧ࠍ␜ߔߚ߼ߩ৻ᰴ⊛૶↪
ߣ๭߱ߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߦࠇߘޕ‬ኻߒߡ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢᛒ߁㧘േ⹖ߩᗧ๧ߣ⋥ធ⊛ߥ㑐ଥࠍ߽ߚߥ
޿㧘ᢥ㗡㧘ᚗ޿ߪ㧘ᢥᧃߦ಴⃻ߔࠆุቯ⹖ߩ̌nie̍‫ߣޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬㧘ᤚ⹺⹖ߩ̌tak̍‫ޠ޿ߪޟ‬
ߩ૶↪ࠍੑᰴ⊛૶↪ߣ๭߱ߎߣߦߔࠆ‫ߣࠆߔޕ‬㧘૶↪ߩࠦࡦ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻▸࿐ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ
⷗ࠇ߫㧘ੑᰴ⊛૶↪ߪ৻ᰴ⊛૶↪ߣᲧߴߡ㧘ᐢߊߡఝ૏ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪߩ߁޿ߣޕ‬㧘৻ᰴ⊛૶↪
ߪ̈⺆̉ߩࠦࡦ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ߦ෸߱߇㧘ੑᰴ⊛૶↪ߪᢥౝߩ૏⟎ઃߌ㧘ᚗ޿ߪ㧘ળ⹤ߩ⸒⺆ᄖ
⊛ࠦࡦ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻߹ߢ෸߱ߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⸒޿឵߃ࠇ߫㧘ุቯ⹖̌nie̍‫৻ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ᰴ⊛૶↪ߪ㧘̈⺆̉ߩᗧ๧㗔ၞ㧔ಽᨆන૏㧕
ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆߩߦኻߒߡ㧘ੑᰴ⊛૶↪ߪ㧘
̈ᢥ̉ᚗ޿ߪ̈⺣⹤̉ߩᗧ๧㗔ၞ㧔ಽᨆන૏㧕ߣ޿
߁㧘ࠃࠅᐢ޿ಽᨆ▸࿐ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
⥄ὼળ⹤ಽᨆߦߟ޿ߡ
ᦨㄭߩ⸒⺆ቇߩầᵹߪ㧘ᣂߚߥℂ⺰ࠍߚߡࠆࠃࠅ㧘߻ߒࠈ⥄ὼߥ࠺࡯࠲ಽᨆ߳ะ߆޿ߟ
ߟ޽ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘⥄ὼળ⹤࠺࡯࠲߇⾆㊀ߦߥߞߚ‫⥄ޕ‬ὼળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ࠍ෼㓸ߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ㧘
⹤⠪ߦ㗬ࠎߢ੐೨ߦ੍⚂ߒߚળ⹤႐㕙ࠍ㍳㖸ߔࠆ߆㧘ᚗ޿ߪ㧘෹ੱ߿⍮ੱߥߤߦ㗬ࠎߢળ
⹤႐㕙ࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ߇㧘߽ߜࠈࠎቢోߦ⥄ὼߥ႐㕙߇㍳㖸ߢ߈ࠆߣߪ޿߃ߥ޿‫ޕ‬
ߒ߆ߒ㧘એ೨ߦోߊ⠨߃ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ․ᓽ⊛ߥ⴫⃻߿႐㕙ߦ․᦭ߥ㧘ߘߒߡ㗫❥ߦ⃻ࠇࠆ
㧙㧙
⸒޿ᣇࠍ㧘߽ߒ․ቯߢ߈ࠇ߫㧘૶↪ⅣႺࠍࠃࠅࠃߊ⸥ㅀߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ታ଀ߪ㧘ቇ
↢߿ᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߥߤߦߣߞߡ㧘ᥧ⸥ߔߴ߈߶ߤ⾆㊀ߥ଀ߦߥࠆߦߜ߇޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬
Stubbs㧔1983㧕ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘⺣⹤ಽᨆߣߪᢥ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍ⿥߃ߚ⸒⺆᭴ㅧࠍ⎇ⓥߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߽
ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘⸒⺆᭴ㅧߪ㧘␠ળ⊛⣂⛊㧘․ߦ⹤⠪㑆ߩ⋧੕૞↪߿ኻ⹤ౝߦߒ߫ߒ߫⷗
ࠄࠇࠆⷙೣߣ߽߆߆ࠊࠆߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘Brown & Yule㧔1983㧕ߦߣߞߡ㧘⺣⹤ಽᨆ
ߣߪ⸒⺆ߩ૶↪ߦߟ޿ߡߩಽᨆߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘޽ࠆ⸒⺆ᒻᑼ߇↪޿ࠄࠇߚੱ㑆ߩ༡ߺߩਛߦ
߅ߌࠆ⋡⊛߿ᯏ⢻߆ࠄಾࠅ㔌ߒߡ㧘⸒⺆ᒻᑼࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㧘ࡄ
ࡠ࡯࡞ߦኻߒߡ࡜ࡦࠣߣ޿߁┙႐߇ᒝ⺞ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ઁᣇ㧘Levinson㧔1983㧕ߪ㧘ળ⹤⎇ⓥߩੑߟߩᣇᴺ⺰ߣߒߡળ⹤ಽᨆ㧔conversational analysis:
CA㧕ߣ⺣⹤ಽᨆ㧔discourse analysis: DA㧕ࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ㧘ળ⹤ಽᨆ߽⺣⹤ಽᨆ
߽೑↪ߔࠆߎߣߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ળ⹤ಽᨆ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘ળ⹤⎇ⓥ߳ߩ␠ળᔃℂቇ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߢ࠴࡯ࡠࡊࠕߩߎޕ‬㧘ઍ⴫⊛ߥ
ߩߪ Sacks㧘Schegloff㧘Jefferson㧔1974㧕ߩ⎇ⓥߦ↱᧪ߔࠆࠛࠬࡁࡔ࠰࠼ࡠࠫ࡯⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯
࠴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ળ⹤ಽᨆߢߪ㧘⥄ὼߦ੤ࠊߐࠇࠆᢙᄙ޿ળ⹤ߩ⸥㍳ࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧘➅ࠅ㄰ߒ⿠ߎࠆ
ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘⛔⺆⸥ㅀߢ૶ࠊࠇࠆℂ⺰਄ߩ᭴▽‛ߢ޽ࠆⷙೣߩઍࠊࠅߦ㧘
ㆬᛯߩ૛࿾߇޽ࠆ⊒⹤ߢ㧘ㆬᛯߐࠇߚ⊒⹤߇㧘ߤ߁޿ߞߚ⋧੕૞↪⊛㧘ផ⺰⊛ᚑⴕ߈ࠍ߽
ߚࠄߔߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᧄ⺰ߩ 5.2.3.ߢ㧘ળ⹤଀ߢ㧘ળ⹤ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬
⺣⹤ಽᨆ
ቝ૒⟤㧔1995:1㧕ߦᓥ߁ߣ㧘⺣⹤ಽᨆߢߪ㧘ၮᧄ⊛ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߩ⚵߿⺣⹤න૏ࠍขࠅ಴
ߒߡ㧘ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߦߟ޿ߡ৻⽾ᕈߩ޽ࠆ⺣⹤㧔ㆡᩰㅪ㎮㧕ߣ৻⽾ᕈߩߥ޿⺣⹤㧔ਇㆡᩰㅪ
㎮㧕㧕ࠍ඙೎ߔࠆ৻ㅪߩⷙೣࠍቯᑼൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᧄ⺰ߢߪ㧘6.2 ߢ㧘⺣⹤ಽᨆࠍታᣉߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࡐ࡜ࠗ࠻ࡀࠬ⎇ⓥߣ⥄ὼળ⹤ಽᨆ
Brown & Levinson㧔1987㧕߇ቯ⟵ߔࠆ̌politeness̍‫߁޿ߣޠࠬࡀ࠻ࠗ࡜ࡐޟ‬᭎ᔨߪ‫ޟ‬ኻੱ
㈩ᘦⴕേ‫߽ᦨ߇ߩ߁⸒ߣޠ‬ㄭ޿‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ቯ⟵ߒߚౝኈߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߆ุ߆㧘޿ࠊ
߫ᠲ૞⊛ߦℂ⸃ߒߥߌࠇ߫޿ߌߥ޿ߣቝ૒⟤㧔2003㧕ߪ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
Brown & Levinson㧔1987㧕ߩ‫ࠍޠࠬࡀ࠻ࠗ࡜ࡐޟ‬㧘ᠲ૞⊛ߦቯ⟵ߔࠆߣ㧘
‫࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠫࡐޟ‬
ࡈࠚࠗࠬ‫ੱ߁޿ߣޠࠬࠗࠚࡈ࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠟࡀޟߣޠ‬㑆ߩ 2 ߟߩၮᧄ⊛᰼᳞ࠍḩߚߔࠃ߁ߥ⸒
⺆ⴕേߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ੱޕ‬㑆ߦߪ㧘ኻੱࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦ㑐ߔࠆ 2 ߟߩ‫ޟ‬ၮ
ᧄ⊛᰼᳞‫ઁޕࠆߔߣࠆ޽߇ޠ‬⠪ߦℂ⸃ߐࠇߚ޿㧘ᅢ߆ࠇߚ޿㧘⾨⾥ߐࠇߚ޿㧘ખ㑆ߦ౉ࠇ
ߡ߶ߒ޿ߣ޿߁‫ࠬ࡜ࡊޟ‬ᣇะ߳ߩ᰼᳞‫ࠆ޽߇ޠ‬႐ว㧘
‫ߣޠࠬࠗࠚࡈ࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠫࡐޟ‬๭߫ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
৻ᣇ㧘ઁ⠪ߦ┙ߜ౉ࠄࠇߚߊߥ޿㧘㇎㝷ߐࠇߚߊߥ޿ߣ޿߁‫ࠬ࠽ࠗࡑޟ‬ᣇะߦ㑐ࠊࠆ᰼᳞‫ޠ‬
㧙㧙
߽޽ࠆ‫ߣޠࠬࠗࠚࡈ࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠟࡀޟޕ‬๭߫ࠇࠆ‫◲ޕ‬ẖߦ⸒߃߫㧘‫ޠࠬࠗࠚࡈ࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠫࡐޟ‬
ߣ‫ࠍޠࠬࠗࠚࡈ࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠟࡀޟ‬㧘ઁ⠪ߦ‫ޟ‬ㄭߠ߈ߚ޿ߣ޿߁᰼᳞‫ࠆ޽ޟߣޠ‬⒟ᐲߪ〒㔌ࠍ
߅߈ߚ޿ߣ޿߁᰼᳞‫ ߁޿ߣޠ‬2 ⒳㘃ߩၮᧄ⊛᰼᳞ߣߒߡ㧘ᠲ૞⊛ߦᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ
ቝ૒⟤㧔2003a:119㧕ߪㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᧄ⺰ߢߪ‫ޟ‬᰼᳞‫ߣޠ↪૶ޟࠍ⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ‬ㅪวߐߖ㧘⸃㉼ߔࠆ‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧘଀߃߫㧘⺆
ߩ‫߇ޠ↪૶ޟ‬㜞ߊߥࠇ߫ߥࠆ߶ߤ㧘
‫ޟ‬᰼᳞‫߽ޠ‬㜞ߊߥࠆߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦ⸃㉼ߔࠆ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘
‫ޟ‬᰼
᳞‫ޠࠬࠗࠚࡈ࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠫࡐޟߪޠ‬
㧘ᚗ޿ߪ‫ߦޠࠬࠗࠚࡈ࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠟࡀޟ‬ᒰࠆ߆ุ߆ߪ㧘࠺࡯
࠲⸃㉼ߩ઀ᣇߦࠃࠆߣߔࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ㧘⥄ὼળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ࠍ૶ߞߡ㧘ุቯ⹖̌nie̍ߣᤚ⹺
⹖̌tak̍ߩ૶↪⁁ᴫࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⺞ߴࠆ‫ޕ‬
ุቯ⹖̌PKG̍
‫↪૶ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬
ุቯ⹖̌nie̍ߩ႐วߪ㧘⺆ߩᗧ๧߆ࠄߔࠇ߫㧘⹤⠪ߦࠃࠆ‛੐߳ߩ‫ุޣ‬ቯ‫ߢߩߔ␜ࠍޤ‬㧘
ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉ࡮ࡈࠚࠗࠬߦࠃࠆ᰼᳞ࠍ⴫ߔߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘ᢥߩᗧ๧߆ࠄߔࠇ߫㧘ߔߥࠊ
ߜᢥో૕ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ⷗ࠇ߫㧘ุቯ⹖ߩ̌nie̍ߪ㧘ᢥ㗡ߦ಴ࠆ߆㧘ߘࠇߣ߽ᢥᧃߦ಴ࠆ
߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴߇޽ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ᓟߦ㧘⺣⹤ߩᗧ๧߆ࠄߔࠇ߫㧘ߔߥࠊߜ⺣⹤ో૕㧔৻ળ⹤㧕ߣ޿
߁ಽᨆන૏㧔⎇ⓥ▸࿐㧕߆ࠄ⷗ߚ㧘ุቯ⹖ߩ૶↪₸ࠍ໧߁ߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᤚ⹺⹖̌VCM̍
‫↪૶ߩޠ޿ߪޟ‬
ᤚ⹺⹖̌tak̍ߩ႐วߪ㧘⺆ߩᗧ๧߆ࠄߔࠇ߫㧘⹤⠪ߦࠃࠆ‛੐߳ߩ‫ޣ‬ᤚ⹺‫ߢߩߔ␜ࠍޤ‬㧘
ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ࡮ࡈࠚࠗࠬߦࠃࠆ᰼᳞ࠍ⴫ߔߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘ᢥߩᗧ๧߆ࠄߔࠇ߫㧘ุቯ⹖
̌nie̍ߣห᭽ߦ㧘ᤚ⹺⹖ߩ̌tak̍ߪ㧘ᢥ㗡ߦ಴ࠆ߆㧘ߘࠇߣ߽ᢥᧃߦ಴ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴߇
޽ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ᓟߦ㧘⺣⹤ߩᗧ๧߆ࠄߔࠇ߫㧘ߔߥࠊߜ⺣⹤ో૕㧔৻ળ⹤㧕ߣ޿߁ಽᨆන૏㧔⎇
ⓥ▸࿐㧕߆ࠄ⷗ߚ㧘ᤚ⹺⹖ߩ૶↪₸ࠍ໧߁ߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
⎇ⓥᣇᴺ
ળ⹤ಽᨆ㧘෸߮㧘⺣⹤ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬
ળ⹤႐㕙
ᢥ㗡ߣᢥᧃߦ⃻ࠇࠆุቯ⹖ߩ̌nie̍‫ߣޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ᤚ⹺⹖ߩ̌tak̍‫⊛⹤⺣ߩޠ޿ߪޟ‬ᗧ๧㧘
෸߮㧘⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻ࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ળ⹤႐㕙ࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸳ቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ ޠ‬
‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ޠ‬
ߘߎߢ㧘
‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ࠍޠ‬㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿߇㜞޿႐㕙ߣߒߡ⠨߃ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬
ᣇ㧘‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ࠍޠ‬㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿߇ૐ޿႐㕙ߣߒߡ⸳ቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧙㧙
ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲
ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩળ⹤ߪ㧘ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼㧘ࡆ࠼ࠧࠪ࠴Ꮢ㧘ࡆ࠼ࠧࠪ࠴࡮ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࡯ߢ 2003 ᐕ 3
᦬ߦ㍳㖸ߐࠇߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘෹ੱห჻ߩળ⹤ߪ㧘ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼㧘ࡆ࠼ࠧࠪ࠴Ꮢ㧘╩⠪ߩ⥄ቛߢ
2005 ᐕ 6 ᦬ߦ㍳㖸ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ߩᢥሼൻᴺ
ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ߩᢥሼൻߦߪ㧘ቝ૒⟤㧔2003b㧕‫ޟ‬ᡷ⸓ 㧦ၮᧄ⊛ߥᢥሼൻߩේೣ㧔Basic
Transcription System for Japanese㧦BTSJ㧕‫ޠ‬෸߮ Kaczmarek (2006)̌Polski tekst mówiony jako
przedmiot zainteresowaĔ lingwisty ̆ propozycja systemu transkrypcji oraz metod analizy tekstu
̆̍㧔⸒⺆ቇ⠪ߩ㑐ᔃ੐ߣߒߡߩࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߩ⹤ߒ⸒⪲ ̆ᢥሼൻߩ૕♽෸߮ಽᨆᣇᴺ߳
ߩឭ᩺̆㧕ࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ߩಽᨆᴺ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢ૶↪ߔࠆળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ߪ㧘ઁߩ⎇ⓥ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߦ㧘એ೨ߦ㍳㖸ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬
ⓥߩಽᨆᣇᴺߪ㧘ಽᨆࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ࠍⷙቯߔࠆߎߣߦߣߤ߹ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ߩಽᨆࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯
ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄ 4 ߟߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ࠍಽ㘃ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ᢥ㗡ߦ⃻ࠇࠆุቯ⹖̌nie̍
‫ޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬
㧘෸߮㧘ᤚ⹺⹖̌tak̍‫⊛⹤⺣ߩޠ޿ߪޟ‬ᗧ๧2߇৻⥸
⊛ᗧ๧ߣㅒߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁઒⺑ 1 ࠍ┙ߡߚ‫ޕ‬
ߘߒߡ㧘ᢥᧃߦ⃻ࠇࠆุቯ⹖̌nie̍‫ޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬㧘෸߮㧘ᤚ⹺⹖̌tak̍‫⊛⹤⺣ߩޠ޿ߪޟ‬ᯏ
⢻3߇৻⥸⊛ᯏ⢻㧔ࡈࠚࠗࠬߩ᰼᳞㧕ߣㅒߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁઒⺑ 2 ࠍ┙ߡߚ‫ޕ‬
߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ㧘ಽᨆࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
[ᢥ㗡 nie] 㧙 ᢥߩ౨㗡ㇱߦ⃻ࠇࠆุቯ⹖ߩ̌nie̍‫ޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬
⹤ߒᚻߩ೨ߩ⊒⹤ߦኻߒߡ‫ุޣ‬ቯ‫ߔ⴫ࠍޤ‬ᗧ๧
[ᢥᧃ nie] 㧙 ᢥߩ⚳ੌㇱߦ⃻ࠇࠆุቯ⹖ߩ̌nie̍‫ޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬
⹤ߒᚻߦะ߆ߞߡ㧘หᗧࠍ᳞߼ࠆᯏ⢻
[ᢥ㗡 tak] 㧙 ᢥߩ౨㗡ㇱߦ⃻ࠇࠆᤚ⹺⹖ߩ̌tak̍‫ޠ޿ߪޟ‬
⹤ߒᚻߩ೨ߩ⊒⹤ߦኻߒߡ‫ޣ‬ᤚ⹺‫ߔ⴫ࠍޤ‬ᗧ๧
[ᢥ㗡 tak] 㧙 ᢥߩ⚳ੌㇱߦ⃻ࠇࠆᤚ⹺⹖ߩ̌tak̍‫ޠ޿ߪޟ‬
⥄Ꮖ⏕⹺ᚗ޿ߪ⋧ᚻߦะ߆ߞߡ⏕⹺ߔࠆᯏ⢻
ᰴߦ㧘ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ߩਛ߆ࠄ㧘਄⸥ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߩታ଀ࠍ᛽಴ߒ㧘⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
߹ߕ㧘ᢥ┨ߩ౨㗡ㇱߦ⃻ࠇࠆุቯ⹖̌nie̍‫ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ታ଀ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬
1
2
3
ᧄ⎇ⓥߩߚ߼ߦ૶↪ߒߚળ⹤࠺࡯࠲߿ߘߩታ଀߇㧘ࠞ࠴ࡑ࡟ࠢ࡮ࡒࡠࠬࡢࡃ㧔2008㧕ߦ⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⺣⹤⊛ᗧ๧ߪ㧘⸒⺆૶↪ߩലᨐ㧔⚿ᨐ㧕ࠍ␜ߔᓎഀ߇޽ࠆ਄㧘ᢥ㗡ߦ⃻ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻ߪ㧘⸒⺆૶↪ߩᣇะᕈ㧔േะ㧕ࠍ␜ߔᓎഀ߇޽ࠆ਄㧘ᢥᧃߦ⃻ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧙㧙
[ᢥ㗡 nie]
⴫ 1㧦ળ⹤଀ 1
࡜ࠗࡦ ⊒ᢥ ⊒⹤
⹤⠪
⇟ภ ⇟ภ ୃੌ
48
40
*
PBF02
49
41
*
PBF03
⊒⹤ౝኈ
sama mam jechaü?
৻ੱߢⴕߊߴ߈ߛࠈ߁߆㧫
nie, no z Michaáem.
ߘࠎߥߎߣߪߥ޿ࠃ㧘ࡒࡂ࠙ߣ‫ޕ‬
ߎߩળ⹤ߪ㧘20 ᚽᅚᕈߩ㑆ߦ੤ࠊߐࠇࠆ⾰໧ߣ෻ᔕߩㅪ㎮ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬㧘ᢥ㗡ߩ̌nie
‫⊛⥸৻ߩ̍ޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ᗧ๧ߪ㧘ᢥ 40 ⇟ߩਥ㗴ࠍุቯߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬㧘ᧄ⺰ߩ╙ 2
┨ߢ⺰ߓߚุቯ⹖̌nie̍
‫৻╙ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ᰴ⊛ᗧ๧ߦᒰࠆ߆㧔ᢥ 40 ⇟ߩേ⹖㧦mam ߩุቯ㧕㧘
ߘࠇߣ߽╙ੑᰴ⊛ᗧ๧ߦᒰࠆ߆㧔ᢥ 41 ⇟ో૕ߩ㔓࿐᳇㧕ߣ໧㗴ߣߥࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ุቯ⹖̌nie̍
‫ߪޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬㧘ᢥ 41 ⇟ߩ౨㗡ㇱߦ⃻ࠇࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ุቯ⹖ߩᗧ๧㗔ၞߪ㧘ᢥ 40 ⇟ߩਥ㗴
ߛߌߢߪߥߊ㧘ᢥ 41 ⇟߹ߢ෸߱ߎߣߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 2㧦ળ⹤଀ 2
࡜ࠗࡦ ⊒ᢥ ⊒⹤
⹤⠪
⇟ภ ⇟ภ ୃੌ
146
129
*
PBF02
147
130
*
PBF03
148
131
*
PBF02
149
132
*
PBF03
⊒⹤ౝኈ
no ale tak to opáaty nie byáo Īadnej na wejĞcie na plaĪĊ?
ߛ߇㧘ߐ߽ߥ޿ߣ㧘⍾ᵿ౉႐ߪήᢱߛߞߚߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
nie‫ޕ‬
ߘ߁ߛߞߚߨ㧘ήᢱߛߞߚࠊ‫ޕ‬
tak to nie ma?
ߐ߽ߥ޿ߣ㧘ήᢱ߆㧫
nie, nie ma Īadnej‫ޕ‬
ߘ߁ߨ㧘ήᢱߛࠃ‫ޕ‬
ᢥ 130 ⇟ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ุቯ⹖̌nie̍
‫ࠇࠊ૶߇ߺߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬㧘ߘࠇએᄖߩ⸒⪲߇૶↪ߐࠇࠆ
ߎߣߪߥ޿‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘ุቯ⹖̌nie̍‫[ ࠍޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ᢥ㗡 nie]㧘߹ߚߪ㧘[ᢥᧃ nie] ߣߒߡ
หቯߔࠆ߆࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪߢߎߎޕ‬㧘ุቯ⹖̌nie̍
‫ࠆࠇߐ↪૶߇ޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ᗧ๧⊛ⅣႺࠍ⠨ኤ
ߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘೨ᢥߩਥ㗴ࠍุቯߔࠆએ਄㧘[ᢥ㗡 nie]ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߦಽ㘃ߔࠆߎߣߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ߐࠄߦ㧘ᢥ 132 ⇟ߢߪ㧘౨㗡ㇱߩุቯ⹖̌nie̍
‫ุߩߎޕࠆ޿ߡࠇ⃻߽ޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ቯ⹖ߩᗧ
๧ߪ㧘೨ߩᢥ 130 ⇟ߦ಴ߚุቯ⹖̌nie̍‫ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ᗧ๧ߣห᭽ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᰴߦ㧘ᢥ┨ߩ৻⇟⚳ੌㇱߦ⃻ࠇࠆุቯ⹖̌nie̍‫ޕߔ␜ࠍ଀ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬
㧙㧙
[ᢥᧃ nie]
⴫ 3㧦ળ⹤଀ 3
࡜ࠗࡦ ⊒ᢥ ⊒⹤
⹤⠪
⇟ภ ⇟ภ ୃੌ
32
27
*
PBF02
33
28
*
PBF03
34
29
*
PBF02
35
30
*
PBF03
⊒⹤ౝኈ
no i dobre to, ale w ogóle jakieĞ plany na wakaüje macie,
takie konkretne?
ߘࠇߢ߽޿޿ߌߤ㧘ߥߦ߆ભߺߩ⸘↹ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ߆޿㧘
ߔߢߦߥߦ߆᳿߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߪߥ޿߆㧫
wiesz co, nie‫[ ޕ‬stáumiony Ğmiech]
߃߃㧘ߥ޿ࠃ‫[ޕ‬㎾࿶ߒߚ╉޿ჿߢ]
no, wy juĪ sobie <zrobiliĞcie wakacje>{<}‫ޕ‬
ߛߞߡભߺ߇޽ߞߚߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬
<no>{>} w sumie my juĪ mieliĞmy wakacje,w Grecji nie‫ޕ‬
[Ğmiech]
߃߃㧘ว⸘ߔࠇ߫ࠊࠇࠊࠇߪߔߢߦભߺߒߡߚߨ㧘ࠡ࡝
ࠪࡖߢߨ‫ޕ‬㨇╉޿㨉
ߎߩળ⹤ߪ෹ੱห჻ߩળ⹤ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬෹ੱห჻ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ળ⹤ߩ㔓࿐᳇߇✭߿߆ߦߥࠆ
௑ะ߇޽ࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㧘ᢥ 28 ⇟ߩ⚳ੌㇱߦ㧘೨ߩᢥ 27 ⇟ߦ฽߹ࠇࠆ⾰໧ߦኻߔࠆᔕ╵߇⃻
ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥᧃߦ⃻ࠊࠇࠆ߆ࠄߎߘ㧘⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻ߣ⹺⼂ߒ߇ߜߛ߇㧘ታ㓙ߦ⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻ߢߪߥ
ߊ㧘⺣⹤⊛ᗧ๧ߣ್ᢿߐࠇࠆ‫ࠄߥߗߥޕ‬㧘೨ᢥߩਥ㗴ߩุቯߦߥࠆߎߣ㧘޿ࠊ߫╙ 2 ┨ߢ
⺰ߓߚุቯ⹖̌nie̍‫৻╙ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ᰴ⊛ᗧ๧ߦᒰࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ઁᣇ㧘ᢥ 30 ⇟ߦ⃻ࠇࠆഥ⹖ߪ㧘ᢥ 28 ⇟ߩุቯ⹖̌nie̍‫ߪߣ଀ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ቢోߦ㆑߁‫ޕ‬
ߎߩ଀ߪ㧘ุቯߔࠆᗧ๧ࠍᜬߚߥ޿‫ޕ‬ઍࠊࠅߦ㧘⏕⹺ߩߚ߼⡞߈ᚻߦᵈᗧ༐⿠ߔࠆ㧘หᗧ
ࠍ᳞߼ࠆࠃ߁ߥᯏ⢻ࠍ߽ߟ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ̈ߨ̉ߩᯏ⢻߿૶޿ᣇߦㄭ޿‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬㧘
‫ޟ‬᰼᳞‫޿ߣޠ‬
߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ⸃㉼ߔࠇ߫㧘̈⋧ᚻߦㄭߠ߈ߚ޿̉ᣇะࠍ␜ߔߩߢ㧘‫ޠࠬࠗࠚࡈ࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠫࡐޟ‬
ߦࠃࠆ᰼᳞ࠍ⴫ߔߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 4㧦ળ⹤଀ 4
࡜ࠗࡦ ⊒ᢥ ⊒⹤
⹤⠪
⇟ภ ⇟ภ ୃੌ
198
170-3
*
PBF02
199
172
*
PBF03
200
173
*
PBF02
201
174
*
PBF03
⊒⹤ౝኈ
moĪe coĞ z tego wyjdzie‫ޕ‬
߽ߒ߆ߒߡ㧘૗߆ߢ߈ߜ߾߁߆ߒࠄ‫ޕ‬
wiesz, jak tam na wygodach nie zaleĪy to na pewno siĊ coĞ
znajdzie‫ޕ‬
߃㧘⿃ᴛࠍ᳞߼ߥߌࠇ߫㧘߈ߞߣ૗߆߇⷗ઃ߆ࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
nie, no wiesz, no chodzi o to Īeby nie byáo aĪ takie drogie, nie‫ޕ‬
޽߿㧘ࠊ߆ࠆ߆ߒࠄ㧘୯Ბ߇ߘࠎߥߦ㜞ߊߥࠄߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ
ߒߡ߶ߒ޿ߥ޽‫ޕ‬
no‫ޕ‬
߃߃‫ޕ‬
㧙㧙
ળ⹤଀ 3 ᢥ 30 ⇟ߣหߓࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᢥ 173 ⇟ߦ߅ߌࠆ[ᢥᧃ nie]ߩ⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻ߪ㧘⡞߈ᚻߦኻ
ߔࠆᵈᗧ༐⿠ߢ޽ࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬2 ┨ߢ⺰ߓߚ㧘ุቯ⹖̌nie̍
‫╙ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬ੑᰴ⊛ᗧ๧ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓟ
⛯ߔࠆᢥ㧘ᢥ 174 ⇟ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ㧘ᵈᗧ༐⿠߳ߩ෻ᔕ߇಴ߡߊࠆ‫̌ߪߢ⺆࠼ࡦ࡜࡯ࡐޕ‬no̍
‫߃ޟ‬
߃‫ޠ‬㧘‫޿ߪޟ‬㧘ߘ߁ߛ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᔕ╵ߩ઀ᣇߪ㧘ࠞࠫࡘࠕ࡞ߥ㔓࿐᳇ߦ㒢ߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘⡞߈ᚻ߇
వ߶ߤ⸒ߞߡߊࠇߚ⊒⹤ౝኈ߳ߩ㗩߈ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬
ߐࠄߦ㧘ᢥ┨ߩ৻⇟౨㗡ㇱߦ⃻ࠇࠆᤚ⹺⹖ߩ̌tak̍‫ޕߔ␜ࠍ଀ߩޠ޿ߪޟ‬
[ᢥ㗡 tak]
⴫ 5㧦ળ⹤଀ 5
࡜ࠗࡦ ⊒ᢥ ⊒⹤
⇟ภ ⇟ภ ୃੌ
⹤⠪
110
95
*
PSM01
111
96
*
PTM03
112
97
*
PSM01
113
98
*
PTM03
114
99
*
PSM01
115
100
*
PTM03
⊒⹤ౝኈ
<przecinek,mhm>{>}dobrze‫ޕ‬
ࠦࡦࡑ㧘ࠎ㧘ߪ޿㧘ࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
tu Max siĊ áączy z Gregorem?
ߎߎߦ㧘ࡑࠢࠬߣࠣ࡟ࠧ࡝߇❬޿ߢ޿ࠆ㧫
tak‫ޕ‬
ߪ޿㧘ߘ߁ߢߔ‫ޕ‬
tak?
ᧄᒰ㧫
tak byáo w‫ޕޣޣ‬
࡮࡮࡮ߦߘ߁޽ࠅ߹ߒߚߌߤ‫ޕ‬
‫ޤޤ‬no tak siĊ áączy‫ޕ‬
ߪ޿㧘ߥࠆ߶ߤ㧘❬޿ߢ޿ࠆߨ‫ޕ‬
਄⸥ߩળ⹤ߪᢎᏧ㧔PTM03㧕ߣቇ↢㧔PSM01㧕ߩ㑆ߦⴕࠊࠇࠆ⺰ᢥၫ╩਄ߩ㕙⺣ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᢥ 97 ⇟ߢߪ㧘ቇ↢ߪᢎᏧߩ⾰໧ߦኻߒߡቯဳ⊛ߥ㗩߈ⴕേࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቯဳ⊛ⴕേߣ޿
߁ߩߪ㧘⋡਄ߦኻߔࠆᡷ߹ߞߚⴕേߩ৻⒳ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ‫޿ߪޟ‬㧘ߘ߁ߢߔ‫ޠ‬ᚗ޿ߪ‫ߪޟ‬
޿㧘ࠊ߆ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߩޠ‬㔓࿐᳇߇ᗐ⿠ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᰴߩᤚ⹺⹖㧔ᢥ 98 ⇟㧕ߩ႐วߪ㧘ᢎᏧߦࠃߞߡ⸒޿಴ߐࠇߚᢥߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎᏧߪ㧘೨ߦቇ
↢ߦ⸒ࠊࠇߚᢥฏࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߒ㧘⾰໧ߒߚ޿ญ⺞ߢ⏕⹺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎᏧߦࠃࠆߎߩࠃ߁ߥᘒᐲߪ㧘
߿߿ᆭྋ⊛ᕈᩰࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎᏧߣߒߡߪ㧘ߎߩ႐㕙ߦ߅޿ߡ໧㗴ߩߥ޿⸒޿ᣇߢ޽ࠆ
߇㧘ઁߩ႐㕙߿ቇ↢ߩᘒᐲߢ޽ࠇ߫㧘ਇㆡᒰߢ޽ࠆߣ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆߦߜ߇޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬
㧙㧙
⴫ 6㧦ળ⹤଀ 6
࡜ࠗࡦ ⊒ᢥ ⊒⹤
⇟ภ ⇟ภ ୃੌ
⹤⠪
169
143
*
PTF04
170
144
*
PSF05
171
145
*
PTF04
⊒⹤ౝኈ
<w kaĪdym razie>{>} wtedy jeszcze pani przecieĪ bĊdĊ
mogáa poĪyczyü, nie‫ޕ‬
޿ߕࠇߦߖࠃ㧘ߛߞߡ㧘ߘߩᤨ㧘⾉ߒߡ޽ߍࠆߎߣ߽
ߢ߈ࠆߢߒࠂ߁ߨ‫ޕ‬
tak㧘mhm‫ޕ‬
ߪ޿㧘ߘ߁ߢߔ㧘ࠎ‫ޕ‬
dobrze, <to ja juĪ odáoĪĊ tutaj do biblioteczki teraz>{<}‫ޕ‬
ࠃ߆ߞߚ㧘ߢߪ߽߁㧘ߎߜࠄߩ࿑ᦠቶ߳⟎޿ߡ߅ߊߎ
ߣߦߒࠃ߁㧘੹‫ޕ‬
ߎߩળ⹤ߪ㧘ᅚᕈᢎᏧ㧔PTF04㧕ߣᅚᕈቇ↢㧔PSF05㧕ߩ⺰ᢥၫ╩਄ߩ㕙⺣ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥ 144
⇟ߢߪቇ↢ߪ㧘ᢎᏧߦࠃߞߡ⊒⹤ߐࠇߚ೨ߩ⊒⹤ߦኻߒߡ㧘̌tak̍
‫޿ߪޟ‬㧘ߘ߁ߢߔ‫⸒ߣޠ‬
ߞߡ㧘ߎߩ႐ߦㆡᒰߥ㧘ᡷ߹ߞߚᝄࠆ⥰޿ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߣߎࠈ߇㧘೨ᢥ 143 ⇟ࠍࠃߊ⷗ࠆߣ㧘ᢥᧃߦ [ᢥᧃ nie] ߩഥ⹖߇⃻ࠇߡߊࠆ‫߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬
ߥ⸒޿ᣇߪ‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ߩࡊࠗ࠲߁޿ߣޠ‬႐㕙ߢ૶ࠊࠇࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ߇㧘ᡷ߹ࠅᐲ߇
㜞߹ߞߚ‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ߪߦޠ‬วࠊߥ޿ߣߐࠇࠆ‫ߕࠄࠊ߆߆߽ߦޕ‬㧘⹤ߒᚻߩりಽ࡮
┙႐ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ⷗ࠇ߫㧘⸵ߐࠇࠆᘒᐲߢ޽ࠆߣ್ᢿߐࠇࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ᢎᏧ PTF04 ߦࠃ
ࠆᢥᧃ̌nie̍
‫ߣ↪૶ߩޠ߃޿޿ޟ‬㧘ᓟ⛯ߔࠆᢥߦ߅ߌࠆቇ↢ߦࠃࠆᢥ㗡̌tak̍
‫૶ߩޠ޿ߪޟ‬
↪ߩ੤឵ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߪ㧘ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߦ․᦭ߩੱ㑆਄ਅ㑐ଥࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆ⸒⺆ⴕേߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒
߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᦨᓟߦ㧘ᢥ┨ߩ৻⇟⚳ੌㇱߦ⃻ࠇࠆᤚ⹺⹖ߩ̌tak̍‫ޕߔ␜ࠍ଀ߩޠ޿ߪޟ‬
[ᢥᧃ tak]
⴫ 7㧦ળ⹤଀ 7
࡜ࠗࡦ ⊒ᢥ ⊒⹤
⇟ภ
⇟ภ ୃੌ
⹤⠪
38
32-1
PTM03
39
33
*
PSM01
40
32㧙2
*
PTM03
41
34
*
PSM01
42
35㧙1
PTM03
⊒⹤ౝኈ
<ale to i tak musi byü>{>} wszĊdzie w tych rozdziaáach ,,
ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߘࠇߢ߽㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ┨ߦ㧘ߤߎߦ߽ߥ޿ߣ
޿ߌߥ޿ߨ ,,
mhm‫ޕ‬
ࠎ‫ޕ‬
Blaire‫ޕ‬
ࡉ࡟࡯࡞ߣ‫ޕ‬
aha, tak?
ߘ߁ߢߔ߆㧘ᧄᒰߢߔ߆㧫
jak <pan pisze>{<},,
ᦠ޿ߡ޿ࠆߣ߅ࠅ,,
㧙㧙
43
36
*
PSM01
44
35㧙2
*
PTM03
<jak siĊ sylwetka>{>}<prezentuje,tak>{<}?
ኈᘒߪߤ߁ߢߔ߆㧘ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ߆㧫
<jakaĞ teoria>{>},czy on do tego pasuje‫ޕ‬
⺰ℂ߆ߥߦ߆㧘ᓐ߇ߘࠇߦૃว߁߆‫ޕ‬
਄ߩળ⹤ߢߪ㧘ᢥ 34 ⇟㧘෸߮㧘ᢥ 36 ⇟ߪ㧘[ᢥᧃ tak] ࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫[ ߩߎޕ‬ᢥᧃ tak] ߪ㧘
ᤚ⹺⹖ߢ޽ࠆߣหᤨߦ㧘⾰໧ᒻᑼࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᡷ߹ߞߚᘒᐲࠍ଻ߜߥ߇ࠄ㧘⡞߈ᚻߦ
ะ߆ߞߡ㧘ળ⹤ౝኈࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻ࠍᨐߔ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 8㧦ળ⹤଀ 8
࡜ࠗࡦ ⊒ᢥ ⊒⹤
⹤⠪
⇟ภ ⇟ภ ୃੌ
69
57-2
*
PTF04
70
59
*
PSF05
71
60
*
PTF04
⊒⹤ౝኈ
tak Īe ja, ja siĊ dowiem, e-, o ten artykuá,tak Īe ja spytam, tak?
ߢߪ㧘ߎߩ⸥੐ߦߟ޿ߡតߒߡߺࠆ㧘⡞޿ߡߺࠆ㧘޿޿
ߢߔ߆㧫‫ޕ‬
dobrze,to bĊdzie pan Zimny,tak?
ߪ޿㧘޿޿ߢߔ㧘ࠫࡓ࠾࡯ߐࠎߢߔߨ㧘ߘ߁ߢߔ߆㧫‫ޕ‬
tak‫ޕ‬
ߪ޿㧘ߘ߁ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬
ઁߩ‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫߽ߡ⷗ࠍޠ‬㧘[ᢥᧃ tak] ߘߒߡ [ᢥ㗡 tak] ߩᤚ⹺⹖߇ᢙᄙߊ⃻
ࠇࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇߪᡷ߹ߞߚ㔓࿐᳇ߢ޽ࠆߣ್ᢿߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥ 57-2 ⇟ߢߪ㧘ᢎᏧߩ PTF04 ߪ㧘ቇ
↢ߩ⺰ᢥၫ╩࡮⾗ᢱ෼㓸߳ߩදജࠍߒߡ޽ߍࠆߣ⸒ߞߡ㧘ቇ↢ߩᣇ߆ࠄ෻ᔕࠍ᳞߼㧘⏕⹺
ߩ̌tak̍
‫߁޿ߣޠ޿ߪޟ‬ᤚ⹺⹖ࠍᢥᧃߦᝌ౉ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߩᣇߪ㧘߹ߕ̌dobrze̍
‫ޠߔߢ޿޿ޟ‬
ߣዋߒᡷ߹ߞߚญ⺞ߢหᗧߒ㧘ᢥᧃߦ̌tak̍
‫߁޿ߣޠ޿ߪޟ‬ഥ⹖ࠍᝌ౉ߒ㧘⾰໧ߒߥ߇ࠄ⏕
⹺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎᏧߩᣇߪᓟ⛯ߔࠆᢥ 60 ⇟ߢ̌tak̍‫޿ߪޟ‬㧘ߘ߁ߢߔ‫ߡ߃╵ߣޠ‬㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡞ߥ
႐㕙ߦว߁㧘ᡷ߹ߞߚ෻ᔕߩ઀ᣇࠍ⷗ߖࠆ‫ޕ‬
⚿ᨐ
ᧄ┨ߢߪ㧘߹ߕ㧘ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ߩၮᧄᖱႎࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ㧘ฦࠦ࡯࠺ࠖࡦࠣ㗄⋡㧔ࠞ࠹
ࠧ࡝࡯㧕ߩಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬
ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ၮᧄᖱႎ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߩߚ߼ߦ㧘ಽᨆߩኻ⽎ߣߥߞߚળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ߩ࡜ࠗࡦᢙ෸߮ᢥᢙ4ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޟޕ‬ᢎᏧߣ
ቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ޟߣޠ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ࠆߌ߅ߦޠ‬ળ⹤ߩ✚࡜ࠗࡦᢙ෸߮✚ᢥᢙߩ⚿ᨐߪએਅߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
4
࡜ࠗࡦᢙߣᢥᢙߩቯ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ቝ૒⟤㧔2003㨎㧕ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬
㧙㧙
⴫ 9㧦ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ၮᧄᖱႎ
႐㕙
ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣
෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣
ో૕
࡜ࠗࡦᢙ
224
208
432
ᢥᢙ
193
180
373
ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ߩಽᨆ⚿ᨐ㧘෸߮㧘⠨ኤ
ળ⹤࠺࡯࠲ߩ㊂⊛ಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ㓙ߦ㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿ߣᢥߦ߅ߌࠆ૏⟎
ߣ޿߁ಽᨆࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲࡯ߦᔕߓߡ㧘ุቯ⹖ߩ nie ߣᤚ⹺⹖ߩ tak ߩ૶↪ഀวࠍᲧߴߚ‫ޕ‬
߹ߕ㧘ળ⹤႐㕙ߩࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿߇ᄌൻߔࠆߣ㧘ุቯ⹖ nie ߣᤚ⹺⹖ tak ߩ૶↪
ഀวߪ㧘ᄌࠊࠆ௑ะࠍ␜ߔ߆ุ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ⺞ߴߚ‫ޕ‬
ᰴߦ㧘ᢥ㗡߹ߚߪᢥᧃ㧘޿ࠊ߫ᢥߦ߅ߌࠆ૏⟎߇ᄌࠊࠆߣ㧘ุቯ⹖ߩ nie ߣᤚ⹺⹖ߩ tak
ߩ૶↪ഀวߦߪ㧘ᄌൻ߇޽ࠆ߆ุ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ⺞ᩏߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ಽᨆࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯㧔ಽᨆ㗄⋡㧕ࠍ㓸⸘ߒߚߣߎࠈ㧘ᰴߩ⚿ᨐࠍᓧߚ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 10㧦ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ
ಽᨆ㗄⋡
ળ⹤႐㕙
ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣
෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣
ᢥ㗡 nie
ᢥᧃ nie
ᢥ㗡 tak
ᢥᧃ tak
3
18
5
25
45
13
23
1
⴫ 10 ߢ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ุቯ⹖㧔ᢥ㗡߽ᢥᧃ߽㧕ߩ૶↪₸ߪ㧘
‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ޠ‬
ߢૐ޿㧘‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ߢޠ‬㜞޿௑ะࠍ␜ߔ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘ุቯ⹖ nie ߩ૶↪ߪ㧘ࡈࠜ
࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿߇ૐ޿ߣ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆ‫޿⸒ޕ‬឵߃ࠇ߫㧘ળ⹤႐㕙ߩ㔓࿐᳇߇ਅ߇ߞߚㅜ
┵㧘ุቯ⹖ nie ߇ᄙᢙߦߥߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
ઁᣇ㧘ᤚ⹺⹖ tak ߩ႐วߪ㧘
‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ߪߢޠ‬ᢥ㗡߽ᢥᧃ߽ᄙ↪ࠍ␜ߔ߇㧘
‫ޟ‬෹ੱ
ห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ߪߢޠ‬ᢥ㗡ߦ߅޿ߡߩߺ૶↪߇⷗ࠄࠇ㧘ᢥᧃߪᱴߤ૶↪߇ߥ޿‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘
ᤚ⹺⹖ tak ߩ૶↪ߪ㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿߇㜞޿ߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
߹ߚ㧘
‫ޟ‬᰼᳞‫ⷰߩޠ‬ὐ߆ࠄ㧘ಽᨆ⚿ᨐߩ૶↪₸ࠍኻᾖߒ⸃㉼ߔࠆߣ㧘ุቯ⹖ nie ߩ૶↪ߪ㧘
‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ߢޠ‬ᄙߊ㧘ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ࡮ࡈࠚࠗࠬߦะ߆߁‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ᤚ⹺⹖ tak ߩ૶↪ߪ㧘
‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ߢޠ‬ᢙᄙߊ૶↪ߐࠇ㧘ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉ࡮ࡈࠚࠗࠬߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬᰼᳞‫ߣߔ⴫ࠍޠ‬
⸃㉼ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߥ߅㧘ᢥ㗡ߣᢥᧃ㧘޿ࠊ߫㧘⺣⹤⊛ᗧ๧㧔⸒⺆ⴕേߩലᨐ㧕ߣ⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻㧔⸒⺆ⴕേߩ
ᣇะ㧕ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ㧘ಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠍኻᾖߔࠆߣ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸃㉼ߔࠆ‫ߕ߹ޕ‬㧘ᢥ㗡ߣ޿߁
ⷰὐ߆ࠄ㧘ุቯ⹖ߩ nie ߣᤚ⹺⹖ߩ tak ߩ૶↪₸ࠍᲧߴࠆߣ㧘‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ߪߢޠ‬ᩰ
Ꮕ߇ᄢ߈޿㧔3 ኻ 45㧕ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒߡ㧘
‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ߪߢޠ‬ᩰᏅ߇ዊߐ޿㧔18 ኻ 13㧕‫ޕ‬
ߐࠄߦ㧘ᢥᧃߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ㧘ಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠍኻᾖߔࠆߣ㧘ุቯ⹖ nie ߣᤚ⹺⹖ tak ߩ૶↪₸ߩ
ᩰᏅ߇㧘
‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ޠ‬෸߮‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ߡ޿߅ߦޠ‬ห᭽ߢ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄ㧘ㅒ௑ะ
ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߩ߁޿ߣޕ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ ߪߢޠ‬5 ኻ 23 ߣ޿߁௑ะࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ࠆߩ
㧙㧙
ߦኻߒߡ㧘‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ ߪߢޠ‬25 ኻ 1 ߣ޿߁ㅒ௑ะࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘૶↪㗫ᐲߩᩰᏅ
߇߶ߣࠎߤߥ޿ࠊߌߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߎߩ⚿ᨐࠍၮߦ㧘৻ੱߩ⹤⠪ߦࠃࠆ⸒⺆ⴕേߩലᨐ㧔⺣⹤⊛ᗧ๧㧕ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ㧘
‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣ
ቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ߥ࡞ࡑ࡯ࠜࡈߥ߁ࠃߩޠ‬႐㕙ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᢥ㗡ഥ⹖ߩ૶↪㗫ᐲߩᩰᏅ߇ᄢ߈޿ߚ
߼㧘⹤⠪ߩ⸒⺆ⴕേࠍ೙㒢ߔࠆᐲว޿߇ᄢ߈޿ߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆ‫ߦࠇߘޕ‬ኻߒߡ㧘
‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀
⺣‫ߥ࡞ࠕࡘࠫࠞߥ߁ࠃߩޠ‬႐㕙ߢߪ㧘ᢥ㗡ഥ⹖ߩ૶↪㗫ᐲߩᩰᏅ߇ዊߐ޿ߚ߼㧘⹤⠪ߩ⸒
⺆ⴕേࠍ೙㒢ߔࠆᐲว޿߇ዊߐ޿ߣផ᷹ߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘৻ੱߩ⹤⠪ߦࠃࠆ⸒⺆ⴕേߩᣇะ㧔⺣
⹤⊛ᯏ⢻㧕ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆߣ㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡞ߥ႐㕙ߣࠞࠫࡘࠕ࡞ߥ႐㕙ߩ㑆ߦ㧘ᢥᧃߩุቯ⹖ߣ
ᤚ⹺⹖ߩ૶↪₸ߦߪㅒ௑ะ߇⷗ࠄࠇ㧘ߥ߅૶↪₸ߩᩰᏅ߇ᱴߤߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘৻ੱߩ⹤⠪
߇⸒⺆ᄖߩࠦࡦ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻㧔ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡞߆㧘ࠞࠫࡘࠕ࡞߆㧕ߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿⸒⺆ⴕേࠍታⴕߒߡ
޿ࠆߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
એ਄㧘਄⸥ߩ⚿ᨐࠍ㧘࿑ߢ⴫ߔߣ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⚫੺ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 1㧦‫ޟ‬ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣‫ޠ‬෸߮‫ޟ‬෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣‫ࠆߌ߅ߦޠ‬ᢥ㗡ߣᢥᧃߩ
ุቯ⹖ߣᤚ⹺⹖ߩ૶↪ഀว
ᢎᏧߣቇ↢ߩ㕙⺣
෹ੱห჻ߩ㔀⺣
㪌㪇
㪋㪌
㪋㪇
㪊㪌
㪊㪇
㪉㪌
㪉㪇
㪈㪌
㪈㪇
㪌
㪇
ᢥ㗡PKG
ᢥᧃPKG
ᢥ㗡VCM
ᢥᧃVCM
એ਄㧘ಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠍߐࠄߦ⠨ᘦߒߡ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬
1㧕[ᢥ㗡 nie]ߩ૶↪ߪ㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿߇ૐ޿ߣ޿߁⺣⹤⊛ᗧ๧ࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬
2㧕[ᢥᧃ nie]ߩ૶↪ߪ㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿߇ૐ޿ߣ޿߁⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻ࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
3㧕[ᢥ㗡 tak]ߩ૶↪ߪ㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿߇㜞޿ߣ޿߁⺣⹤⊛ᗧ๧ࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬
4㧕[ᢥᧃ tak]ߩ૶↪ߪ㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿߇㜞޿ߣ޿߁⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻ࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ุቯ⹖ nie ߩ૶↪ߪ㧘ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿߇ૐ޿ߣ޿߁⁁ᘒࠍ␜ߔ਄ߢ㧘
‫ࡐޟ‬
ࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ࡮ࡈࠚࠗࠬ‫ޟࠆࠃߦޠ‬᰼᳞‫ߦߐ߹ޕࠆߥߦߣߎࠆߔ⽎⴫ࠍޠ‬㧘
‫⋧ޟ‬ᚻߦㄭߠ߈ߚ޿‫ޠ‬
ߚ߼ߦᄙߊ૶↪ߐࠇࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣુࠊࠇࠆ‫ߦࠇߘޕ‬ኻߒߡ㧘ᤚ⹺⹖ tak ߩ૶↪ߪ㧘ࡈࠜ
࡯ࡑ࡝࠹ࠖߩᐲว޿߇㜞޿ߣ޿߁⁁ᘒࠍ␜ߔ਄ߢ㧘
‫ޟࠆࠃߦޠࠬࠗࠚࡈ࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠟࡀޟ‬᰼᳞‫ޠ‬
ࠍ⴫⽎ߔࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ߦߐ߹ޕ‬㧘
‫⋧ޟ‬ᚻߣ〒㔌ࠍ଻ߜߚ޿‫ߦ߼ߚޠ‬ᄙ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆߣ⺰ߓ
ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧙㧙
߅ࠊࠅߦ
ᧄ⺰ߢߪ㧘߹ߕ㧘ุቯ⹖ nie ߣᤚ⹺⹖ tak ߩ૶↪ࠍ̈⺆̉ߣ̈ᢥ̉ߩಽᨆ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍಽߌࠆ
ߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉ࡮ࡈࠚࠗࠬߣࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ࡮ࡈࠚࠗࠬ㧘޿ࠊ߫‫ޟ‬᰼᳞‫ⷰ߁޿ߣޠ‬ὐ߆
ࠄ⠨ᘦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ㧘
̈⺣⹤̉࡟ࡌ࡞߆ࠄ㧘ุቯ⹖ nie ߣᤚ⹺⹖ tak ߩ૶↪ഀว㧘෸߮㧘ߘࠇ
߇⴫᣿ߔࠆ႐㕙㧔⸒⺆ᄖߩࠦࡦ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻㧕ߩ․ᓽߣ⚿߮ߟߌߡ⠨߃ߡߺߚ‫ޕ‬
ߚߛߒ㧘ಽᨆߒߚળ⹤࠺࡯࠲߇ዋߥߊ㧘ߘߒߡ⺣⹤⊛ᗧ๧෸߮⺣⹤⊛ᯏ⢻ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘⹤
⠪৻ੱߩ┙႐㧘޿ࠊ߫৻⊒⹤ᢥߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߒ߆ಽᨆߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘╙ 2 ┨ߢขࠅ਄
ߍߚ╙৻ᰴ⊛૶↪ߣ╙ੑᰴ⊛૶↪ߩ⋧㆑ὐߦߟ޿ߡᷓߊ⠨ᘦߔࠆ૛⵨ߪߥ߆ߞߚ߇㧘੹ᓟ
ߩ⎇ⓥ࡮ಽᨆߦߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㧦
ቝ૒⟤߹ࠁߺ㧔1995㧕‫ޡ‬ળ⹤ಽᨆߣᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒‫ޢ‬㧘ᤘ๺ᅚሶᄢቇᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥળ㧚
ቝ૒⟤߹ࠁߺ㧔1999㧕
‫ߩ⹤⺣ޟ‬ቯ㊂⊛ಽᨆ ̆⸒⺆␠ળᔃℂቇ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴̆‫ޠ‬
㧘
‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ‫ޢ‬
╙ 18 10 ᦬ภ: 40-56, ᣿ᴦᦠ㒮㧚
ቝ૒⟤߹ࠁߺ㧔2003a㧕‫⇣ޟ‬ᢥൻធ⸅ߣࡐ࡜ࠗ࠻ࡀࠬ ̆࠺ࠖࠬࠦ࡯ࠬ࡮ࡐ࡜ࠗ࠻ࡀࠬℂ⺰
ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ̆‫ޠ‬㧘
‫ޡ‬࿖⺆ቇ‫ ╙ޢ‬54 Ꮞ 3 ภ: 117-132㧚
ቝ૒⟤߹ࠁߺ㧔2003b㧕‫ޟ‬ᡷ⸓ 㧦ၮᧄ⊛ߥᢥሼൻߩේೣ㧔Basic Transcription System for
Japanese㧦BTSJ㧕‫ޠ‬㧘
‫ޡ‬ᄙᢥൻ౒↢␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆ⇣ᢥൻࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᢎ⢒ߩߚ߼ߩၮ
␆⊛⎇ⓥ‫ޢ‬ᐔ 13-14 ᐕᐲ㧘⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ㧯
2㧔⎇ⓥઍ⴫⠪㧦ቝ૒⟤߹ࠁߺ㧕㧘
⎇ⓥᚑᨐႎ๔ᦠ㧘4-21㧚
ࠞ࠴ࡑ࡟ࠢ࡮ࡒࡠࠬࡢࡃ㧔2008㧕
‫ޟ‬2008 ᐕᐲ 4 ᦬ඳ჻⺰ᢥ㧔⾗ᢱ㓸㧦ᣣᧄ⺆ߣࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼⺆
ߩળ⹤࠺࡯࠲㧕‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߣࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߩኻᾖ⺣⹤ಽᨆ ̆ኻੱࠪࡈ࠲࡯ߩⷞὐ߆ࠄ
̆‫ޢ‬㧘᧲੩ᄖ࿖⺆ᄢቇ㧘ᄢቇ㒮࿾ၞᢥൻ⎇ⓥ⑼㧘ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟㧚
Brown,G.& Yule,G. (1983) Discourse analysis, Cambridge University Press.
Brown,P.& Levinson,S. (1987) Politeness: Some universals in language usage, Cambridge University
Press.
Kaczmarek,M. (2006)̌Polski tekst mówiony jako przedmiot zainteresowaĔ lingwisty ̆
propozycja systemu transkrypcji oraz metod analizy tekstu ̆̍
㧔⸒⺆ቇ⠪ߩ㑐ᔃ੐ߣߒߡߩࡐ
࡯࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߩ⹤ߒ⸒⪲ ̆ᢥሼൻߩ૕♽෸߮ಽᨆᣇᴺ߳ߩឭ᩺̆ 㧕
㧘Slavia Occidentalis
Iaponica 9:81-116㧔⷏ࠬ࡜ࡧቇ⺰㓸㧕
㧘Japan Association of Occidental-Slavic Studies㧔ᣣᧄ⷏
ࠬ࡜ࡧቇ⎇ⓥળ㧕㧚
Levinson,C.S. (1983) Pragmatics, Cambridge University Press.
Nagórko,A. (2001) Zarys gramatyki polskiej(ze sáowotwórstwem), Warszawa. Wydawnictwo
Naukowe PWN.
Sacks,H., Schegloff,E. & Jefferson,G. (1974)̌A simplest systematics for the organization of
turn-taking for conversation̍
㧘Language 50㧦697-735.
㧙㧙
Stubbs,M. (1983) Discourse analysis: the sociolinguistic analysis of natural language, The
University of Chicago Press.
㧙㧙