Aspekty bezpieczeństwa i ekologii w transporcie

Transkrypt

Spis rzeczy – Contents
Franciszek Tomaszewski
............ 9
Methodical aspects of the analysis of noise inside means of transport
MOP-
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............................................... 19
Availability of parking spaces and truck parking areas as a safety determinant
of the road transport of dangerous goods
!
"#$# Wojciech Kustra
"
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inwestycji drogowych ..................................................................................................................................................... 29
Estimating road safety measures for the purposes of road project effectiveness
evaluation
Piotr Chrostowski
............................... 39
Modelling of transition curves of the railway lines during modernization
Marcin Chrzanowicz, Piotr Tomczuk, Andrzej Czerepicki,
%$%
%
kierowcy .................................................................................................................................................................................. 49
Influence of geometric parameters in advertising and dazzles distracted driver
#&'&'#"
Transport i zasady neutralizacji przedmiotów wybuchowych i niebezpiecznych
w morzu i strefie brzegowej ........................................................................................................................................ 61
Transport and principles neutralisation objects explosives and dangerous sea zone
and coastline
()-Loranc
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Evaluation methods of car park safety condition in Poland
(!*+"
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........................................ 85
Fulfilment possibility of the derailment criterion by rail vehicle model in the range
of stable solutions existence
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na drogach regionalnych .............................................................................................................................................. 103
I speed management as a measure to improve road safety on local roads
Mykola Gorbunov, Maksym Kovtanec, Rostislav Domin,
Kateryna Kravchenko
Minimizing the risk of catastrophic situations in the operation of rail transport .................... 115
!#
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...... 127
Optimization criteria for parameters of different models of sea waterway system
.
/*%–
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– lizacji w Europie......................... 139
Space flight safety – a review of European standards
Adam Kaizer, Leszek Smolarek
,
w ramach utrzymania i modernizacji infrastruktury transportu morskiego ................................. 149
Impact assessment of factors for organization of dredging projects
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.............................................. 157
Transition curve with interim smoothed curvature for railway roads
%#$!.# Hinz
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....................................................................................................................................... 169
Towards the assessment of critical area in a collision encounter accounting
for stability conditions of a ship
1a Król
/
!( infrastruktury transportowej ..................................................................................................................................... 179
Numerical analysis of some aspects of fire safety in the transport infrastructure
facilities
Jacek Kukulski
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............................................................................................................................................................................... 193
Simulation study of the construction a reinforced track superstructure
Roksana Licow, Jakub Polasik, Franciszek Tomaszewski,
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kolejowo – drogowych.................................................................................................................................................. 205
The theoretical basis of vibroacoustic phenomena occurring on railway crossings
Józef Lisowski
,
morskim ................................................................................................................................................................................ 217
Optimization of multi-stage decision-making process at the game marine environment
"
Ocena ryzyka w systemach transportowych
...................................................................................................
227
Risk assessment in transportation systems
Vitalij Nichoha, Ivan Prudyus, Igor Storozh,
Volodymyr Storozh, Liubomyr Vashchyshyn
Kierunki w modernizacji lwowskiego wagonu-defektoskopu magnetycznego przy
zastosowaniu magneto-dynamicznej metody diagnostyki szyn torów kolejowych ................ 239
Ways of modernization of the Lviv railway magnetic non-destructive testing
carriage using magnetic flux leakage rail inspection
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.............................. 245
Automatic incident detection systems in urban areas
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Influence of light control in road traffic safety
%"-Kamieniecka, Karolina Krzykowska
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................................................................................................................. 265
Liability insurance in the context of safety management in air traffic
Zbigniew Pietrzykowski, Janusz Magaj
Domena statku w identyfikacji incydentów w systemach rozgraniczenia ruchu ...................... 279
Ship domain in identification of incidents in traffic separation schemes
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Selected methods of driver fatigue detection
Jacek Skor!6%7'"
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........................................................................................................................................................... 303
Adjustment of the hold baggage screening system to the traffic volume
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w Polsce ................................................................................................................................................................................ 315
Transportation of hazardous and oversized goods on inland waterways in Poland
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Postrzeganie sygnalizatora pieszo-rowerowego przez pieszych i rowerzystów ........................ 325
The study of pedestrian-biker traffic light perception by road users
Marcin Staniek
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komunikacyjnych ............................................................................................................................................................ 339
Road assessment on basis of travel behaviours
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............................................. 349
Modelling of noise propagation during the start of an aircraft
Piotr Tomczuk, Andrzej Czerepicki, Piotr Jaskowski,
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Luminancja reklam LED w otoczeniu dróg .................................................................................................... 359
Luminance LED advertising surrounding roads
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Piotr Jaskowski, Marcin Chrzanowicz
! .................... 369
Modeling influence of light advertising on road traffic safety
Piotr Tomczuk, Andrzej Czerepicki,
Anna Wytrykowska
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! ........................................................................................................................ 383
Example of parametric methods of assessment of road safety at pedestrian crossing
Piotr Tomczuk, Anna Wytrykowska, Piotr Jaskowski,
Agnieszka Jastrz
,
.......................................................................................... 393
General rules for lighting pedestrian crossings
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kolejowych .......................................................................................................................................................................... 407
System to coordination of rescue operation on the railway accident
Kazimierz Towpik
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.......................................................................... 417
CWR track – hazards, diagnostic and maintenance
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................................................................................................................................... 427
The safety profile of marine navigator and its significance for the safety
of maritime traffic
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Optimization of the shape of railway transition curves with special emphasis
on initial and end area
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The study of influence of lateral and longitudinal stiffness of suspention on non-linear
behaviour of bogie of MK111 passenger car
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.............................................................................. 459
Polish road safety observatory as a unit supporting the management of road
transport safety
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................................................................ 471
Operational system analysis from the reliability point of view
PRACE NAUKOWE POLITECHNIKI WARSZAWSKIEJ
z. 114
Transport
2016
Karol Andrzejczak
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Franciszek Tomaszewski, &
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METODYCZNE %8.;59+;<=ASU
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: czerwiec 2016
Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie jednoczynnikowej analizy wariancji ANOVA
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METHODICAL ASPECTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF NOISE INSIDE MEANS
OF TRANSPORT
Summary: This article presents application of univariate analysis of variance ANOVA to assess distribution
of sound level inside bus Solaris Urbino 12 m during speeding up. On the basis of measurements of noise inside
the bus a question was worded if the level of noise during acceleration is evenly distributed in the whole length
of the bus. To answer such question and to apply tests of analysis of variance ANOVA a few conditions have
to be met. First it is checked if the basic assumption of analysis of variance i.e. if measured noise in each
measurement point has normal distribution, moreover for completeness of normality examination, normality
tests of Kolmogorov-Lilliefors, test of Cramer von Mises and homoscedasticity test of variance for all
measurement points were carried. Next one factor analysis of variance ANOVA was applied. In conclusion a
graphic distribution of 95% of confidence intervals of sound levels of specific locations of measurement
microphones during acceleration of the bus was presented.
Keywords: distribution of sound levels, noise inside a bus, analysis of variance
z. 114
Transport
2016
Politechnika Warszawska, W Transportu
(.>%5? PARKINGÓW I MIEJSC
POSTOJOWYCH NA MOP-ACH JAKO CZYNNIK
0/757$&;8+%8&+8].0
W DROGOWYM TRANSPORCIE TOWARÓW
NIEBEZPIECZNYCH
=
: marzec 2016
Streszczenie: W artykule omówiono ADR oraz miejsc postojowych na MOP-ach (, &(
) przy drogach ekspresowych
i autostradach, ( ! porcie towarów
niebezpiecznych. Brak zapewniania (
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w systemie
! rzewozu towarów niebezpiecznych i w procesie generowania
optymalnej trasy przewozu z punktu widzenia minimalizacji strat.
!B towary niebezpieczne, parkingi, stres, wypadek
AVAILABILITY OF PARKING SPACES AND TRUCK PARKING AREAS
AS A SAFETY DETERMINANT OF THE ROAD TRANSPORT
OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Summary: In the article the availability of parking spaces for damaged vehicles carrying dangerous goods and
Truck Parking Areas, placed by expressways and motorways, has been discussed, as well as its impact on
safety of this kind of transport. The lack of the above-mentioned infrastructure causes driver’s stress, which
consequently lowers his level of psycho-physical efficiency and may lead to an accident. Furthermore, these
vehicles can pose a threat to other road users. This safety aspect will be taken into account in the safety monitoring system of dangerous goods’ transport and in the process of generating the optimum transport route from
the point of view of losses minimization
Keywords: dangerous goods, truck parking area, stress, accident.
z. 114
Transport
2016
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otoczenia itp. Do analizy i oceny bezpiec!(brd) * * *
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FG z lat 2008 – 2010 na drogach krajowych, bazy danych o elementach drogowych (BDD – bank danych
drogowych), danych o stanie nawierzchni i poboczy z systemów SOSN ",&,*
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ruchu drogowego z Pomiaru Generalnego z 2010 r., danych uzyskanych z systemu wizualizacji pasa
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z. 114
Transport
2016
ESTIMATING ROAD SAFETY MEASURES FOR THE PURPOSES OF ROAD PROJECT
EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION
Summary: The costs of road accidents are one of the cost components to be considered when analysing the
economic effectiveness of road projects. A project’s economic efficiency depends on a number of factors such
as vehicle operating costs, travel time, working time and the costs of emissions, noise and road accidents. When
calculating the costs of accidents for new roads, a lot depends on how forecasted accident rates will be determined. These rates will be related to a number of factors such as road class, traffic volume, road or street
parameters, roadside, etc. Two groups of road safety measures are used to analyse and evaluate road safety in
this method. They are societal consequences as the primary measures for evaluating how the new road will
affect road safety and measures of societal risk as secondary measures for assessing risk on an existing and
planned road. Models of how selected factors affect road safety are built using road accident data for the years
2008 – 2010 on national roads, road element database (BDD – road data bank), data on the condition of roadways and shoulders from SOSN and SOPO systems, road traffic data from the 2010 General Test, data from
the roadway visualisation system and the authors’ own data from road reviews. Road project rates were modelled with measures of societal risk (accident density AD, injury density ID, serious injury density SID, fatality
density FD and serious injury and fatality density SIFD). Nodal projects were modelled with societal consequences (number of accidents NA, number of injuries NI, number of serious injury NSI, number of fatalities
NF, number serious injuries and fatalities NSIF). The method will provide a tool that will help with assessing
road safety for different types of road projects at different stages of design for projects delivered on national
roads. The results presenting the effects of selected factors on models of road safety variables should be used
for developing guidelines, instructions, examples of good practice recommended and used by designers. The
negative effect of wide hard shoulders on accident severity is an example.
Keywords: safety, measures, effectiveness
z. 114
Transport
2016
Piotr Chrostowski
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MODERNIZOWANYCH LINII KOLEJOWYCH
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Streszczenie: %
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. Przedstawiono podstawowe charakterystyki geometryczne i kinematyczne

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sposobem doboru dopuszczalnych
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przepisy oraz wytyczne do projektowani
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MODELLING OF TRANSITION CURVES OF THE RAILWAY LINES DURING
MODERNIZATION
Summary: The study focuses on the problem of modelling the geometric layouts of modernized railway lines
in the conditions of terrain limitations. The possibilities of expanding the common models of transitions curves
by the curves of nonlinear curvature with nonlinear superelevation ramp have been indicated. The paper presents the basic both geometric and kinematic characteristics of the most popular in the world transition curves
by comparing them to the clothoid and cubic parabola. Moreover, in the paper the problem of the selection of
limit values of kinematic parameters used for dimensioning of transition curves has been discussed. The paper
points the need for rational acceptance of these parameters by indicating the applicable regulations and guidelines for the design of geometric rail lines.
Keywords: lines modernization, non-linear transitions, kinematic parameters
z. 114
Transport
2016
Marcin Chrzanowicz
Politechnik%*%<
Piotr Tomczuk, Andrzej Czerepicki
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Piotr Jaskowski
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Instytut Elektrotechniki
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ROZPRASZANIE UWAGI KIEROWCY
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rogi oraz
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#acji stosowanych w Polsce oraz poddano
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!Bluminancja, kontrast, reklamy uliczne, BRD
INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN ADVERTISING
AND DAZZLES DISTRACTED DRIVER
Summary: This paper presented the issue related to the influence of the geometrical advertising media, the
way of its observation by the driver. The main emphasis has been placed on the analysis of the geometrical
factors distracting the driver from the road, and how to set advertising, the surface and the angle of the relationship between the optical axis of sight and the center of advertising influences the amount of glare, when
advertising is a source of light emission. There has been discussed the size of the typical media used in Poland
and analyzed the dependence of the angular size of the object depending on the distance of the driver from
advertising.
Keywords: geometry advertising, automotive lighting technology, street advertising, BRD
z. 114
Transport
2016
Adam Cichocki, &'#"
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej,
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TRANSPORT I ZASADY NEUTRALIZACJI
PRZEDMIOTÓW WYBUCHOWYCH
I NIEBEZPIECZNYCH W MORZU
I STREFIE BRZEGOWEJ
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: W artykule zaprezentowano zasady neutralizacji i transportu przedmiotów wybuchowych
i niebezpiecznych pochodzenia wojskowego ! nie tylko
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bojowych, a do dnia dzisiejszego na dnie morza i pasie (
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i niebezpiecznych
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kilka, a nawet F
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TRANSPORT AND PRINCIPLES OF NEUTRALIZATION FOR 8%98
AND DANGEROUS OBJECTS IN SEA ZONE AND COASTLINE
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transport items explosives and dangerous
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, UXO, UUXO, mine disposal, mine neutralization
z. 114
Transport
2016
()-9
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z. 114
Transport
2016
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WYKOLEJENIEM MODELU POJAZDU
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: marzec 2016
Streszczenie '
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FULFILMENT POSSIBILITY OF THE DERAILMENT CRITERION BY RAIL VEHICLE
MODEL IN THE RANGE OF STABLE SOLUTIONS EXISTANCE
Summary: The rail vehicle stability analysis is one of the initial step in the real vehicle design process. The
next step is a safety motion analysis usually. 4-axle rail vehicletrack model is analysed. It is a discrete multibody system. The FASTSIM code is employed for calculation of the tangential contact forces between wheel
and rail. The wheelrail coefficient of friction is a variable parameter in these researches. It represents the
variable conditions in real circumstances (rain, snow, wheelrail surface corrosion, and organic contaminations). Stability of motion along a curved track of different radii value for eight wheelrail coefficients of
friction values was analysed firstly. Then possibility of motion for velocity equal or bigger than the critical
value was considered. The safety criterion against of derailment (the Nadal criterion) was chosen to separate
the ranges of velocity and wheelrail coefficient of friction, which corresponds the stable and safety motion
from the ranges where the stable criterion is not fulfill. The results are presented in form of diagrams.
Keywords: rail vehicle, numerical simulations, stability of motion, Nadal criterion
z. 114
Transport
2016
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SPEED MANAGEMENT AS A MEASURE TO IMPROVE ROAD SAFETY
ON LOCAL ROADS
Summary: the article presents difficulties connected with speed management implementation on local roads.
Because of their specific character, local roads require different solutions than national roads. Types of speed
management measures, conditions for their implementation and effectiveness were also described. Results of
own speed studies carried out on road segments with different speed management measures have been shown.
The paper also presents impact of local speed limits and traffic calming measures on drivers behavior in free
flow conditions.
Keywords: speed, speed management, road safety
z. 114
Transport
2016
Mykola Gorbunov, Rostislav Domin, Maxym Kovtanec,
Kateryna Kravchenko
Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University
THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENT
METHOD OF COHESION CONTROL IN THE
"WHEEL-BRAKING PAD-RAIL" SYSTEM
The manuscript delivered: March 2016
Summary: The paper considers the question of decrease in probability of slipping and skidding
occurrence by controlling the friction in the contact "wheel-braking pad-rail". The variants of technical
solutions on multifunctional (temperature, abrasive) controlling tribocontacts by of energy air,
air-abrasive stream or pellets of dry ice, electrified sand supply are proposed
Keywords: interactions in the "wheel-braking pad-rail" system, the temperature in tribocontact,
the coefficient of cohesion
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granulki, zelektryfikowana piasku.
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z. 114
Transport
2016
!#
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
KRYTERIA OPTYMALIZACJI PARAMETRÓW
/45;&<(89;.87/&<
DRÓG WODNYCH
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: marzec 2016
Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono algorytmy optymalizacji parametrów systemu morskich dróg
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parametry toru i jego oznakowania nawigacyjnego oraz lokalizacje i parametry mijanek.
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kryteria optymalizacji dwukierunkowych torów wodnych
OPTIMIZATION CRITERIA FOR PARAMETRS OF DIFFERENT MODELS
OF SEA WATERWAY SYSTEM
Abstract: The article presents optimization algorithms for parameters of a sea waterway system for a one-way
and a two-way ship’s traffic model. Different optimization criteria have been determined and analysed. The
novel method (algorithm) of optimization of a two-way sea waterway parameters was applied to determine the
#

-Szczecin waterway located inside Szczecin Lagoon area by specifying the waterway and aids to navigation parameters as well as the location and parameters of passing places
along the waterway.
Keywords: marine traffic engineering, optimization of sea waterways parameters, optimization criteria for
two-way waterways
z. 114
Transport
2016
Teresa Idzikowska
Instytut Lotnictwa, Normalizacja
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– %/+89( STANU NORMALIZACJI W EUROPIE
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Streszczenie: +(awaria kosmonautyczn**
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! lotów
F Y # ! * ektowanie oraz
* ! ryzykiem w projektach kosmicznych.
!B * !*
e
SPACE FLIGHT SAFETY – A REVIEW OF EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Summary: Every fault of space hardware all over the world, which has been occurred, caused the complex
review of national and international organizational procedures as well as technical requirements, including the
implementation of appropriate measures to increase safety of spaceflights. The aim of this paper is to present
a review of European technical standards on spaceflight safety, including design and construction of materials,
the application of safety systems and risk management procedures in space projects.
Keywords: spaceflight, space safety, technical standards
z. 114
Transport
2016
Adam Kaizer, Leszek Smolarek
Akademia Morska w Gdyni, W Nawigacyjny, Katedra Transportu i Logistyki
&850%=;07&+;550
(8.8/57$&;&</5+&$>%/&
CZERPALNYCH W RAMACH UTRZYMANIA
I MODERNIZACJI INFRASTRUKTURY
TRANSPORTU MORSKIEGO
=
: marzec 2016
Streszczenie: %#
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dla efektywnego przeprowadzenia prac. Badania z zakresu oceny i hierarchizacji poszczególnych
tworzenie dogodnych scenariuszy robót czerpalnych i technicznym.
W artykule zaprezentowano i na obszarach portowych.
!B prace czerpalne, ocena wielokryterialna, infrastruktura transportu morskiego
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS FOR ORGANIZATION OF DREDGING
PROJECTS
Summary: The initial verification of all elements of dredging project is very important to conduct the works
efficiently. Evaluation and hierarchisation of each factor influencing the dredging works’ organisation could
be a supporting tool for creating economically and technically suitable works’ scenarios. In this article the
factors influencing the dredging works’ organisation in ports’ area have been presented and evaluated by using
the hierarchy analysis method.
Keywords: dredging, multicriteria evaluation, maritime infrastructure
z. 114
Transport
2016
0
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lne równania krzywizny oraz odpowiednie równania
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TRANSITION CURVE WITH INTERIM SMOOTHED CURVATURE
FOR RAILWAY ROADS
Summary: The concept of a new form of transition curve with a linear curvature on its length was presented
in the paper. The regions of extremes were smoothed. The concept might be an alternative to the so-called
smooth transition curves with a non-linear shape of the curvature along the entire length. The universal method
of identifying transition curves using differential equations was used in the analysis. The general equations of
the curvature and the corresponding parametric equations of the curve were determined. The numerical integration might be used to specify the rectangular coordinates.
Keywords: railway route, geometrical layout, transition curve
z. 114
Transport
2016
%#
Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Navigation, Poland
Jakub Montewka
Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Navigation, Poland
Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Dept. of Navigation and Positioning, Masala, Finland
Tomasz Hinz
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TOWARDS THE ASSESSMENT OF CRITICAL AREA
IN A COLLISION ENCOUNTER ACCOUNTING
FOR STABILITY CONDITIONS OF A SHIP
=
!B;
Abstract: The rules of road, called COLREGS provide guidelines for navigators onboard ships
involved in collision encounter at navigable waters. Specific roles for stand-on and give-a-way vessels
are assigned, depending on the phase of the encounter. In this paper we extend further our earlier work
on the definition of the boundaries for the third phase of the encounter. The latter is referred to as critical
area for an escape maneuver of a stand-on ship, in the situation where the give-way vessel does not take
an action. This area is determined with the use of a state-of-the-art, six degree-of-freedom
hydrodynamic model of ship motion. Series of simulations are conducted for a specific type of
encountering ships applying various rudder angles to perform collision evasive maneuvers. Varying
rudder angles reflect the fact, that hard-to-side command cannot always be executed, due to stability
conditions of a ship. As a result we obtained a set of areas of various size, depending on the rudder
angle used to perform evasive action for the predefined ship loading conditions related to her transverse
stability characteristics. These demarcate the boundaries of the third phase of encounter for the standon ship, where other ships on collision courses must not enter. Otherwise a collision cannot be avoided
by an action of one ship alone or the ship would have to turn too vigorously causing actual stabilityrelated threat.
Keywords: collision risk, maritime traffic safety, ship domain, ship stability, ship list
OKRE?985E OBSZARU KRYTYCZNEGO W SYTUACJI KOLIZYJNEJ NA MORZU
+70+9>(58580%=;07..8&+5?&..7
Streszczenie: &
Y,=<"
F%
rogi oraz z utrzymaniem kursu
F, (
#
F%
# * ( F+ * * ( *
F Wykorzystano
(
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G (
F % granice obszaru krytycznego dla pe
! F G
(
* (
( @ *
zpieczne dla statku*( i (
F
!: * ! * * *
z. 114
Transport
2016
Aleksander Król
&
*%>
1
&
, %
(
<
ANALIZA NUMERYCZNA WYBRANYCH
ASPEKTÓW 8+%8&+8].0%4/08
08.&<5/./7.7/;
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: ! 2016
: '(
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z. 114
Transport
2016
Jacek Kukulski
&
%*%>
(5;79&;$58/+0+]
5./7&;$5;&<0+&5$&;&<
508/+&<5>98$0
=
!B;
Streszczenie: /
F
&
!
modeli nawierzchni (
(£
niach statycznych i dynamicznych. Obliczenia te ma F=
( ! *
zwi
(
F :
!
kontynuowania !i dalszego doskonalenia modeli oraz ich weryfikacji.
!B nawierzchnia kolejowa, MES, ABAQUS
SIMULATION STUDY OF THE CONSTRUCTION A REINFORCED TRACK
SUPERSTRUCTURE
Summary: The article is a continuation of research conducted by the author in the last few years. In article
presents a selected simulation of the process static and dynamic loading for the track surface. These calculations
are to be feedstock for determining the durability and guaranteed functionality of selected components track
superstructure. This allow the simulation evaluation of modern technological superstructure of their durability
under service loading. The results of calculations indicate the need for further studies and further improve the
models and their verification.
Keywords: track structure, finite-element method, Abaqus
z. 114
Transport
2016
Roksana Licow, Jakub Polasik,
Franciszek Tomaszewski, 0!3
%
= >
*&
&
!
%
(
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!
PODSTAWY TEORETYCZNE ZJAWISK
0/7.;&+5;&<0;.>%7$&;&<5
PRZEJAZDACH KOLEJOWO – DROGOWYCH
=
: ! 2016
Streszczenie: Poziom zjawisk wibroakustycznych generowanych przez pojazdy samochodowe
i kolejowe do (
od wielu czynników. "
F
nawierzchni,
* F @
! # F
#
(
– F % przejazdach kolejowo – drogowych oraz zaprezen
(
F
&
(!
£
F
!B przejazdy kolejowo – ¬
¬
THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF VIBROACOUSTIC PHENOMENA OCCURRING
ON RAILWAY CROSSINGS
Summary: Vibroacoustic phenomena are generated by motor vehicles and rail vehicles. The level of vibration
and noise depends many factors for example: types of tyre and surface, aerodynamic resistance, construction
of vehicle and technical condition of vehicle. Source of noise may be hitting by tire in obstacles (or hitting in
road infrastructure). Railway crossings are part of road and rail infrastructure which has impact on level emitting vibroacoustic phenomena. In article was characterized railway crossings surfaces and presents the results
measurements of rail vehicles noise levels. The research was conducted during passage rail vehicles through
railway crossing. Additionally, article presents methodology measuring vertical acceleration values transmitted
on car body at the moment of impact in constant obstacle.
Keywords: railway crossing; vibration; noise
z. 114
Transport
2016
Józef Lisowski
Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Ship Automation
OPTIMIZATION OF MULTI-STAGE
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS AT THE GAME
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
The manuscript delivered: March 2016
Summary: The paper describes the process of ship game control in collision situations at sea. For the
synthesis process control algorithm uses a simplified model of multi-positional game, allowing
determination of the safe and optimal game trajectory of own ship in passing situations with more ships
encountered as a sequence of maneuvers, course and speed. Compared three criteria to optimize
decision-making process for determining safe trajectory of own ship taking into account the degree of
cooperation encountered ships. Considerations exemplified the real situation on the sea registered in the
Kattegat Strait.
Keywords: maritime transport, safety of navigation, game theory
OPTYMALIZACJA WIELOETAPOWEGO PROCESU DECZYJNEGO
0/+/;0$&;?/(07/
Streszczenie: %
morzu. Do syntezy algorytmu sterowania procesem wykorzystano model wieloetapowej gry pozycyjnej,
(
statków, jako F&
!
F=(
Y
+F
!: * !(*
z. 114
Transport
2016
"
&
%*%
OCENA RYZYKA W SYSTEMACH
TRANSPORTOWYCH
=
: !2016
B % # (! *
(* ( - !* F * * * #* elektro-
F)
x
~
x~F,
(
x[
~* x
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RISK ASSESSMENT IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
!##B & #
#

[
*FF[
-

#

F [ * # * F # [x
~
[x##
~
F # [

#
#
[
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: technica*
#
*
z. 114
Transport
2016
Vitalij Nichoha, Ivan Prudyus, Igor Storozh, Volodymyr Storozh
Lviv Polytechnic National University
Institute of Telecommunication, Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering
Liubomyr Vashchyshyn
Physico-Mechanical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Laboratory of Vibrodiagnostics
WAYS OF MODERNIZATION OF THE LVIV
RAILWAY MAGNETIC NON-DESTRUCTIVE
TESTING CARRIAGE USING MAGNETIC FLUX
LEAKAGE RAIL INSPECTION
The manuscript delivered: April 2016
Summary: Modernization ways of the information-diagnostic system on the Lviv magnetic testing
carriage #442 are considered. For testing railway this carriage uses Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL)
method which has several advantages over widely used ultrasonic method. MFL is used in the UK, Iran,
the US and former Soviet Union. According to the report, magnetic system of the carriage (which is
highly cumbersome and energy consuming) should be completely replaced with powerful permanent
magnets. One-component receiving system (based on integrated induction sensors) should be replaced
with a three-component system which is based on Hall's sensors. New hardware and software parts of
the diagnostic system also should be developed for collection, transmission and analysis of testing
information.
Keywords: MFL, rail, defect
KIERUNKI W MODERNIZACJI LWOWSKIEGO WAGONU-DEFEKTOSKOPU
MAGNETYCZNEGO PRZY ZASTOSOWANIU MAGNETO-DYNAMICZNEJ METODY
DIAGNOSTYKI SZYN TORÓW KOLEJOWYCH
Streszczenie: % #
diagnostycznego, jaki jest stosowany w Lwowskim magnetycznym wagonie–defektoskopowym Nr 442. Dla
diagnostyki kolei zastosowano tutaj magnetyczno-
, jaka w obecnej chwili bardzo szeroko
jest wykorzystywana. Magneto-dynamiczna metoda (MDM) znana (* Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL)
(%'
*
*:"/( )F
Do przeana
#
#
*
( É
(
F
Jednokierunkowy ( Â _F&
acowana nowa aparatura i oprogramowanie w obszarze nowej diagnostyki
*
##.
!: MDM, szyna kolejowa, wada
z. 114
Transport
2016
$%4
&
!*%
(

SYSTEMY AUTOMATYCZNEGO WYKRYWANIA
+(/+8]58%4(5;&<0.&<
=
: !B;
Streszczenie: Pierwsze systemy automatycznego wykrywania incydentów !£
( F , (!
" >
&* ( * F % # ! (
obszarach miejskich. Przedstawiono ponadto opracowywania * ( ! (
(
!hu !.
!B
* !*
AUTOMATIC INCIDENT DETECTION SYSTEMS IN URBAN AREAS
Summary: The first automatic incident detection systems appeared on American roads in the second half of
the last century. We can find many examples of implementations of methods of Intelligent Transport Systems
in Poland, which also offer opportunities to manage incidents and their detection on both rural roads and street
networks in urban areas. The paper presents an overview of methods for detecting incidents in urban areas. The
paper presents also the methodology for developing models that will be used for the detection of incidents at
intersections with traffic lights immediately after the occurrence of unusual disturbances in traffic and preliminary results of researches.
Keywords: Intelligent Transportation Systems, traffic safety, traffic management
z. 114
Transport
2016
0%"/#%#

<
*&
¥*%<
*<oniki, Informatyki
i Automatyki
0%=;0.8/05?0.=85
8+%8&+8].0/7&<7(/08
=
B016
Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono wymagania norm PN-EN 12301 ,
wraz
z ak
* ,
oprawy
F Zaproponowano harmonogramy sterowania
parametrów ruchu drogowego ! normy dla
(
drogi.
!: drogowe, *oprawy INFLUENCE OF LIGHT CONTROL IN ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY
Summary: The article presents the requirements of PN-EN 12301 Road Lighting, together with the current
changes. Specified the boundaries of lighting control for the example luminaire and installation of road lighting.
Proposed schedules light control when changing traffic parameters to ensure that the requirements according
to the founded class lighting of road.
Keywords: road lighting, lighting controls, luminaires
z. 114
Transport
2016
%"-Kamieniecka
:
%!– Mazurski w Olsztynie*%G<
Karolina Krzykowska
&
%*%>
78+%8&+858(%08(+95?&
&;0958$05.8?&8+/+(+5
8+%8&+8].080/7&<79.5&+;
=
: !B;
Streszczenie: G
F
(
# &F ( * (
hach
*(
(
F
!
i portów lotniczych. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono @
* * ( ( F u przedmiotu, europejskie normy oraz statystyki i analizy.
!B *@
*
LIABILITY INSURANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT
IN AIR TRAFFIC
Summary: The world recorded a constant increase in air traffic volume. It has also seen its effects in Poland.
Already in the seventies of the twentieth century, with the increase in the number of aircraft with larger dimensions and different operational features the need to implement innovative methods of air traffic control was
considered. It had to, first of all, increase the level of safety in airspace and airports. This article presents the
problem of liability insurance carriers, companies engaged in ground handling service providers of air navigation and aircraft operators in terms of air traffic incidents. For the preparation of articles the available literature,
European standards, statistics and analysis were used.
Keywords: insurence, carrier, air traffic
z. 114
Transport
2016
Zbigniew Pietrzykowski, Janusz Magaj
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
DOMENA STATKU W IDENTYFIKACJI
INCYDENTÓW W SYSTEMACH
ROZGRANICZENIA RUCHU
=
!B;
Streszczenie: " (* ( F & F,
acji niebezpiecznych, ale ich nie
FY(
–kolizji. O ile
* niebezpiecznych oraz incydentów. %
F
F #
F
#
(
liczby wypadków poprzez sygnalizowanie tych sytuacji nawigatorowi lub operatorowi VTS – tryb
online – lub wskazanie obszarów, na których – tryb offline –. Zaproponowano
# F
&
!
#
TSS.
!B * !*
*
SHIP DOMAIN IN IDENTIFICATION OF INCIDENTS IN TRAFFIC SEPARATION
SCHEMES
Summary: Traffic Separation Schemes are established in port approaches and frequently used shipping routes,
characteristic of high intensity of vessel traffic. They organize the traffic by separating vessel flows. These
systems reduce the occurrence of dangerous situations, but do not eliminate them completely. Some of these
situations may lead to incidents, near-misses, even accidents, i.e. collisions. While marine accidents are documented, data on the occurrence of dangerous situations, near-misses or incidents are not, due to difficulties in
defining relevant criteria. The identification of dangerous situations and incidents may contribute to the reduction of accident frequency by online signaling these situations to the navigator or VTS operator, or indicating
areas of largest occurrence (offline). The proposed two-stage incident identification is based on the criterion
of ship domain, and the results illustrate research on the identification of navigational incidents in a selected
TSS.
Keywords: navigation, safety, ship domain, Traffic Separations Schemes
z. 114
Transport
2016
Paula Razin, !'5
.##"
Instytut Transportu Samochodowego, Centrum Telematyki Transportu
WYBRANE METODY DETEKCJI STANÓW
+>&+85A U OSÓB 8/7$&;&<%$+(
=
: czerwiec 2016
Streszczenie: )
F % &!
&* zawodowych lub ( ;B^* kierowców niezawodowych ok. 15%-B]^F )
* i wykrywania stanu nadmiernego F
W niniejszym artykule u z * #
* (we do zastosowania, jako (
F,
(@£
F
!B *
rowców, technologie pojazdowe.
SELECTED METHODS OF DRIVER FATIGUE DETECTION
Summary: Driver fatigue is one the main reasons of road accidents. According to Chief Labour Inspectorate
fatigue among professional drivers and fleet drivers has a significant impact on 12% of their accidents and
15-25% of accidents in which non-professional drivers take part. Therefore, driver fatigue can be perceived
as a cause behind a significant number of road accidents. This clearly indicates the necessity for development
of on-board technologies capable of detecting and indicating states of driver fatigue.
The following article provides an overview of selected methods of driver fatigue detection, including the
division between subjective, physiological and behavioural methods as well as the ones possible to use as an
element of vehicle equipment. Additionally, basic indicators used for fatigue specification were described.
Keywords: fatigue, driver fatigue, on-board technologies
z. 114
Transport
2016
Jacek Skorupski
&
%*%>
%7'"
&
%*%>
*
>
DOSTOSOWANIE SYSTEMU KONTROLI
8+%8&+8].04U REJESTROWANEGO
(089?&/7&<7
=
: !B;
Streszczenie: +
! (
(
(F)
!
FY jakim stopniu rzeczywiste
! x&+'~ * F )
! ( &+' x
~ (
&+'F /
* ( "
x ~ * Katowice x~
&+'
F%
!
* ( "
( &+'* porcie lotniczym
+ # (
F
!B *
!* (
**
lotnictwa cywilnego
ADJUSTMENT OF THE HOLD BAGGAGE SCREENING SYSTEM
TO THE TRAFFIC VOLUME
Summary: Hold baggage screening is mandatory and very important in the process of departing passengers
service. On the one hand it affects the safety of flight operations, and on the other hand it affects its punctuality.
The aim of this study was to analyze the extent to which the actual organizational solutions used in a security
control point (SCP) are adequate for the operational characteristics of the airport, especially for the traffic
volume. The intensity of baggage flow requests to SCP was compared with the mean intensity of the service
(control) at different variants of the SCP organization. This analysis showed that at the Szczecin airport (with
smaller traffic) somewhat redundant organizational solution was adopted, while at the Katowice airport (with
bigger traffic) organization of SCP is adequate to the needs. The conclusion from the research is that in the
Szczecin airport it is possible to increase the efficiency of control by changing the variant of the SCP organization, while achieving the same goal in the Katowice airport would require the development of infrastructure
or changes in equipment.
Keywords: airport, security screening, hold baggage, throughput, civil aviation security
z. 114
Transport
2016
8#!6"$!
&
%*%
%/+80+;.8/=0588+%8&+5;&<
%5(/;.0;&<4897
?/(9(00%9&8
=
: !B;
Streszczenie: >
(*
(
*

* (
F G
F
( ((
F%(
*
*
(
F
&
( * #
F & ( organizacji takiego transportu.
!B (*
*
TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS AND OVERSIZED GOODS ON INLAND
WATERWAYS IN POLAND
Summary: Transportation of hazardous and oversized materials is connected to greater than a standard
transportation requirements. It regards: transportation, cargo security, and accompanying documentation. The
least complications related to special transport meet the ships. One of the greatest strengths of inland navigation
is the possibility of transporting hazardous and oversized cargo without changes in the organization of the
movement of other units moving along the same road. This is a result of greater gauge, and a relatively large
distance from other units.
The article describes the state of the transport of hazardous and oversized materials by the Polish inland waterways, the accompanying legal and formal requirements. Also a organization of such transport is presented.
Keywords: inland navigation, dangerous materials transportation, oversized materials transportation
z. 114
Transport
2016
$"
&
, W Transportu
POSTRZEGANIE SYGNALIZATORA
PIESZO-ROWEROWEGO PRZEZ PIESZYCH
I ROWERZYSTÓW
=dostarczono: marzec 2016
Streszczenie: Obecnie w Polsce jak i Europie wzrost wykorzystania roweru do
(*
#
F%
konieczne jest dostosowanie infrastruktury dla zapewnienia sprawnego funkcjonowania systemu
! !
F :(
# * i # * e
i #F W przypadku rowerzystów jednym z takich
elementów infrastruktury jest sygnalizator pieszo-rowerowy, którego piktogram jest m
(
F)
!
postrzegania tego sygnalizatora przez uczestników ruchu. %
!!
FG
! F % !* #
! logistycznej.
kluczowe: dla rowerzystów, sygnalizator pieszo-rowerowy,
!
THE STUDY OF PEDESTRIAN-BIKER TRAFFIC LIGHT PERCEPION
BY ROAD USERS
Summary: At present time in Poland and Europe are noticeable increase of bike usage in order to realize
obligatory and facultative journey. Cities are trying to improve bikers traveling conditions by adapting
infrastructure to their needs. This phenomenon leads to comfort improvement of bike usage and the growth
of road safety level. On the other side, it causes the increase of usage diversity of transport means, which are
functional in transportation systems. Road users need to have readable, explicit and understandable information
broadcasted by the traffic sings and road signals, therefore it is important to study and monitor the quality of the
information provided. Pedestrian symbol in pedestrian-biker signal device is about forty percent smaller
in comparison to {pictogram used in pedestrian signal device and bike template is thirty percent smaller than
in normal bike signal device. Pedestrian-biker devices displays two small symbols, which in some condition
may not be read explicitly by individual road users. The aim of the article is to present the results of research
about the quality of pedestrian-biker signal perception by road users. This paper is organized as follows: section
one presents the study of literature. This is followed by next section, which describes, the results of research
conducted by the authors. Afterwards, analyses the factors that have the most significant impact on the
functioning of these devices by using the regression logistic tools.
Keywords: toucan crossing, perception of traffic lights, pedestrian and bicyclist safety
z. 114
Transport
2016
Marcin Staniek
&
*%>
OCENA STANU NAWIERZCHNI DROGOWYCH
NA %(.08(]+&<0]
KOMUNIKACYJNYCH
=
: marzec 2016
Streszczenie: %(oceny stanu technicznego nawierzchni drogowych
! (
a /&; ejestracji parametrów
( ! F %
>[
( ! * tu
(F, !
* zobligowani
elementów infrastruktury drogowej. Zarejestrowane dane
! ankietowanego.
!B *
!
*
!
ROAD ASSESSMENT ON BASIS OF TRAVEL BEHAVIOURS
Summary: The paper describes the assessment of road surfaces using mobile devices equipped with the application AP1 to register parameters of travel and also the linear accelerations. The studies of travel behaviours
of people moving in area of Silesian Voivodeship were performed in the Green Travelling project. People
participating in research after their completion, have been obliged to fill in the questionnaire concerning the
description of the elements of the road infrastructure. The registered data of linear accelerations have been
subjected to a comparative analysis with the description given by the respondent.
Keywords: diagnostics of road pavement, analysis of travel behaviours, measuring linear acceleration
z. 114
Transport
2016
2#"0'
%#
&
&
!, W Maszyn Roboczych i Transportu
(89058%/%&$<=7%(&+
STARTU STATKU POWIETRZNEGO
=
: !B;
Streszczenie: , F "
w (
@@, (;5'F
(
@x@~F, (
F & F / (
@
F
!B *
*
MODELLING OF NOISE PROPAGATION DURING THE START OF AN AIRCRAFT
Summary: From many years in the field of the air transport the research concerning the effect of the noise
generated by the aircrafts on the surroundings of the airports are carried out. The great power internal combustion engines used in aviation are the source of sound which the acoustic pressure level could rise up to the
150 dB. In the fight against the noise it’s essential to determine the level of the acoustic pressure within the
heard band as well as the spectrum composition of a sound (quality of a sound). We have now the models
enabling to model an effect of the noise on the environment. These models enable to make however only the
quantity estimation. The authors propose hereby to elaborate the model enabling to analyses the quality of
sound effecting on the surroundings of an airport.
Keywords: noise, transport, aviation
z. 114
Transport
2016
&
%*%>
Piotr Jaskowski
%>
*+G<
">
Marcin Chrzanowicz
&
%*%<
%
LUMINANCJA REKLAM LED W OTOCZENIU
DRÓG
=
: marzec 2016
Streszczenie: % ! < F)
!
kontrastu luminancji . Pomiary wykonano w porze nocnej dla LED zlokalizowanych w terenie zabudowanym.
!B luminancja, kontrast, reklamy uliczne, BRD
LUMINANCE LED ADVERTISING SURROUNDING ROADS
Summary: The article presents the results of advertising LED on the measurement surface luminance visual
advertising media. The results of the calculation parameters, luminance contrast and luminance uniformity.
Measurements were taken at night for media LED located in the urban area.
Keywords: luminance, contrast, street advertisements, BRD
z. 114
Transport
2016
&
%*%>
%
Piotr Jaskowski
Politechnika Warszawska %>
*+G<
"
Transportowych
Marcin Chrzanowicz
&
%*%<
(890580%=;07/EKLAM
?08.95;&<58+%8&+8].0/7&<7
DROGOWEGO
=
: marzec 2016
Streszczenie: %
w F % wykorzystano program do obl! F;BF ) programu wykonano
³ ´ @ LED SMD.
, (
.
Dokonano oce
( F /
!F %
F
!B *
*
*'=
MODELING INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ADVERTISING ON ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY
Summary: Article depicts issues of modeling influence of light advertising placed nearby a road on amount
of light reaching driver's eye. For analysis was used software for light calculations Dialux 4.12. Software ran
calculations for two types of advertisement: "backlight" and LED display with SMD LEDs. Calculations were
carried out for three angles. Amount of light emitted in direction of driver's eye was evaluated with help vertical
measuring planes. Results were analyzed. Problems of dazzle and time of driver's adaptation after passing
advertisement were pointed out.
Keywords: luminance, measuring plane, light advertising, RTS
z. 114
Transport
2016
&
%*%>
Anna Wytrykowska
&
%*%>
*+G<
iki w Systemach
Transportowych
%/+;=(PARAMETRYCZEJ METODY OCENY
%/+8$?(9%8+;&<0%8&8
8+%8&+8].0/7&<7(/08
=
: marzec 2016
Streszczenie: Polska zaliczana jest do (
F%
!
F % ! # '=xy oceny projektów drogowych) oraz kontrola BRD
x ! ~F szczególnie niebezpiec
F % zastosowania %zech '= ,
szereg ! - uczestników ruchu
drogowego. W podsumowaniu odnie
metody w warunkach Polskich.
!B '=**
EXAMPLE OF PARAMETRIC METHODS OF ASSESSMENT OF ROAD SAFETY
AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSING
Summary: Poland ranks among the countries with a high risk threat of accidents involving pedestrians. Therefore they are taken a lot of action to improve road safety. In the general perspective they concern the safety
management of the road infrastructure including such elements as: BRD audit (concerning the assessment of
the projects road) and BRD control (concerning an road existing devices). As indicated by the statistics of
accidents are particularly dangerous place of pedestrian crossings. The article presents an example application
created in Italy assessment procedure BRD at pedestrian crossings, takes account of a number of factors
affecting the safety of pedestrians. In conclusion, Reference to the results achieved in the context of the use of
the method in Polish conditions.
Keywords: road safety, pedestrian crossing, assessment of factors
z. 114
Transport
2016
Piotr Tomczuk
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Anna Wytrykowska%$$
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transportowej.
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GENERAL RULES FOR LIGHTING PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS
Summary: In Poland, for many years there is a large number of accidents at pedestrian crossings. One of the
technical solutions which can improve this situation is to install additional lighting fixtures in the area of
pedestrian crossings. Each of the applied technical solutions should implement founded lighting functions. The
article discusses the formal requirements and general principles concerning lighting installed in the area of
pedestrian crossings. Discussed issues affect the level of safety of road transport infrastructure.
Keywords: lighting pedestrian crossings, road safety, lighting requirements
z. 114
Transport
2016
.!", Lucyna Bester

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systemu powiadamiania o w*
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SYSTEM TO COORDINATION OF RESCUE OPERATION
ON THE RAILWAY ACCIDENT
Summary: The article presents the concepts of the system supporting the coordination of rescue operations
at the crash train (System Support of Rescue Services - SSRS). Next is presented the concept of system
notification about the accident, the structure and functionality of the system and benefits arising from the
implementation and operation of such a system. The system is based on the use of wireless data transmission.
Keywords: safety on the railway, open transmission systems, coordination on the railway disasters
z. 114
Transport
2016
Kazimierz Towpik
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TOR BEZSTYKOWY – +/485
DIAGNOSTYKA, UTRZYMANIE
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CWR TRACK – HAZARDS, DIAGNOSTIC AND MAINTENANCE
Summary: The risk assessment in permanent way operation require the estimation of some hazards related to
improper CWR track maintenance, local occurrence of track structure heterogeneity or creeping of the rails.
They can cause track deformations and even lead to track buckling. Possibilities of stress assessment in CWR
rails are usually limited to the measurement with extensometers or ultrasonicmeters. The measurements with
use of ultrasonicmeter have shown large stress variability in rails during track maintenance operations. Developing of CWR track control system monitoring its condition should be very useful.
Keywords: CWR track, safety, diagnostic
z. 114
Transport
2016
0
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wykorzystanie wyników ( # ! oraz jako wytyczne do ustawienia parametrów
!
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!B !*#* ania eksperckie, badania symulacyjne
THE SAFETY PROFILE OF MARINE NAVIGATOR AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
FOR THE SAFETY OF MARITIME TRAFFIC
Summary: The article presents the preliminary, partial results of the author's research and analyses relating to
the definition of professional profile of the marine navigator. General purpose of such research is explained
showing examples of the diversity of ships manoeuvres in encounter situations. The author conducted analysis
of the factors influencing the behaviour of the person in charge of navigation and ship manoeuvring. The results
of questionnaire research on the impact of individual factors and partial results of the simulation research are
presented. The conducted research included also the values of commonly used in sea navigation safety parameters, which are usually input by the navigational officers on standard ship devices. The range of analysis
included selected, considered as representative and characteristic situations, where according to the author,
maritime accidents the most frequently occur or may occur. The practical use of the results as the initial and
ongoing qualifications assessment of persons responsible for the safety of navigation is proposed as well as
indications for setting the expected values of safety parameters for target ships.
Keywords: safety, professional profile, expert research, simulation research
z. 114
Transport
2016
%0:*+"
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ów szynowych, symulacja
OPTIMIZATION OF THE SHAPE OF RAILWAY TRANSITION CURVES
WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON INITIAL AND END AREA
Summary: The aim of this article was to clarify, why the curvatures’ bends of optimum railway transition
curves (TCs) obtained by the authors at the terminal points of the curve – the beginning and the end – had
a relatively small negative impact on vehicle dynamics while running on such curves. In this context the authors
put forward the following research hypothesis. Maybe bigger length of the middle zone causes that shape of
the terminal zones has become less important. The idea of the research was to modify quality function calculation so that initial and end zones have bigger weights (importance) than the middle zone. At this stage the
central part of TC was completely ignored in the quality function calculation.
Keywords: railway transition curves, railway vehicles dynamics, simulation
z. 114
Transport
2016
*+"*-"
Politechnika Warszawska, W Transportu
(580%=;07+.;05?&%%/+8&+58$
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ZACHOWANIA WÓZKA WAGONU
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THE STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF LATERAL AND LONGITUDINAL STIFFNESS
OF SUSPENSION ON NON-LINEAR BEHAVIOUR OF BOGIE OF MK111
PASSENGER CAR
Summary: This article presents results of the study on the influence of lateral kzy and longitudinal kzx stiffness
in primary suspension. The study was performed for 2-axle bogie of passenger car MK111. Solution of the
problem consisted in performed numerical tests. In the study both types of stiffness were varied from 0,001 to
1000 times different than the nominal value.
Keywords: numerical simulations, non-linear dynamics, self-exciting vibrations
z. 114
Transport
2016
+"()-9%#"
Instytut Transportu Samochodowego
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z. 114
Transport
2016
$1*4!$!.#

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ANALIZA SYSTEMU EKSPLOATACJI Z PUNKTU
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OPERATIONAL SYSTEM ANALYSIS FROM THE RELIABILITY POINT OF VIEW
Summary: In the article the process of operating a set of aircraft put into service at one time is examined. In
order to maintain a balanced ratio ready to use and avoid the accumulation of hangar's maintenance, analysed
transient process operation determining the probability of objects reside in different operating states. An interesting issue is change of a readiness as dependence of the model of adopted qualification.
The main result of this article is the value of the probability of being ready to use. The probability of reaching
the limit value is assuming different depends on initial conditions and different models of the probability density distributions.
The results indicate the need for further testing of models of probability distributions to determine the optimal
method qualifications or technical object is in standby mode or not.
Keywords: the process of exploitation, probability of the object

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