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Nexus
Rozklad parametru zderzenia
dN/db
Entries
Mean
RMS
0.08
10000
6.382
2.651
Urqmd
Entries
Mean
RMS
0.07
0.06
10000
6.739
2.398
Nexus
Urqmd
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
b [fm]
þ@;./.*Jï8&)_Fyw2K1*Jvÿ
6 "-R:"0!"0?4I@;1*-.I1/8E
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dn/dφ
Rozklad katu φ
Entries
Mean
RMS
1
10000
0
-0
0.8
Nexus
Urqmd
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
φ [radiany]
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dN/dxf
przed obrotem
1.4
Entries 298238
Mean
1.125
RMS
3.285
1.2
przed obrotem
Entries
1.4
Mean
RMS
1.2
po obrocie
Entries 298238
Mean 0.002582
RMS
3.374
1
π+ przed obrotem
π+ po obrocie
Urqmd: Rozklad wsp. y
dN/dyf
π+ przed obrotem
π+ po obrocie
Urqmd: Rozklad wsp. x
298238
0.0003205
3.282
po obrocie
Entries
1
0.8
Mean
298238
-0.003959
RMS
3.369
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
2
4
6
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
8 10
xf [fm]
2
4
6
8 10
yf [fm]
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Rozklad sredniej krotnosci protonow ’uczestnikow’
Rozklad sredniej krotnosci protonow ’obserwatorow’
d<N>/db
d<N>/db
ä í
40
35
Nexus
Urqmd
30
80
70
25
50
20
40
15
30
10
20
5
10
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
b [fm]
Nexus
Urqmd
60
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
b [fm]
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uÀ 2KnK2 w/"0/.E
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'õ
Nexus
1131
39.62
18.66
Urqmd
Entries
903
Mean
55.08
RMS
17.18
Rozklad krotnosci pionow
dN/dnπ
Entries
Mean
RMS
100
80
Nexus
Urqmd
60
40
20
p»a.¬I'
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
nπ
Nexus
3290
32.33
16.09
Urqmd
Entries
2639
Mean
40.88
RMS
19.43
Rozklad krotnosci pionow
Entries
Mean
RMS
dN/dnπ
350
300
250
Nexus
Urqmd
200
150
100
50
p»'.¬
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Rozklad krotnosci pionow
80
90
100
nπ
Nexus
3899
20.35
11.18
Urqmd
Entries
2818
Mean
17.39
RMS
13.07
dN/dnπ
Entries
Mean
RMS
500
400
Nexus
Urqmd
300
200
100
p» ¬
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
nπ
Nexus
1668
14.15
8.446
Urqmd
Entries
323
Mean
10.11
RMS
7.352
Rozklad krotnosci pionow
Entries
Mean
RMS
350
300
Nexus
Urqmd
250
200
150
100
50
p3lnm
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
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Rozklad sredniej krotnosci pionow
60
50
Nexus
Urqmd
40
30
20
10
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
b [fm]
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2
Entries 408885
Mean -5.024e-05
RMS
1.861
10
-1
Entries 408885
Mean 0.002757
RMS
1.855
10
p Nexus
p Urqmd
1
-1
10
10
-2
-2
10
10
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
0
2
4
6
8 10
x f [fm]
Nexus
Entries 410626
Mean
-14.83
RMS
66.1
Urqmd
Entries 408885
Mean
-273.3
RMS
519
Rozklad wsp. z
2
10
dN/dzf
2
10
p Nexus
p Urqmd
1
Nexus
Entries 410626
Mean -0.01782
RMS
3.301
Urqmd
Rozklad wsp. y
10
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
2
4
6
8 10
y f [fm]
Nexus
Entries 410626
Mean
26.1
RMS
64.66
Urqmd
Entries 408885
Mean
274.8
RMS
518.3
2
10
10
p Nexus
p Urqmd
1
0
Rozklad czasu wymrazania
dN/dt f
dN/dxf
10
dN/dyf
Nexus
Entries 410626
Mean -0.00795
RMS
3.299
Urqmd
Rozklad wsp. x
p Nexus
p Urqmd
-1
10
1
-2
10
10-3
-1
10
-4
10 -2000-1500-1000 -500
0
500 1000 1500 2000
0
200 400
600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
z f [fm]
tf [fm/c]
þ@;./.*J7ï8& ö.Fuw2K1*Jv6ÿ
"-·þ%>1M"K@2<g2K¦¢:8@1**#4@I1/8/þ>!BX#:K2 6ÿ
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dN/dxf
0.6
Urqmd
Entries 139593
Mean
-0.006
RMS
3.201
0.5
p Nexus
p Urqmd
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.1
4
Rozklad wsp. z
6
dN/dzf
Nexus
Entries 26625
Mean
-15.61
RMS
67.71
2.5
Urqmd
Entries 139593
Mean
-800.5
RMS
605.8
2
p Nexus
p Urqmd
1.5
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
8 10
x f [fm]
Rozklad czasu wymrazania
3.5
dN/dzf
2
p Nexus
p Urqmd
0.4
0.2
0
Urqmd
Entries 139593
Mean -0.0007453
RMS
3.185
0.5
0.2
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
Nexus
Entries 26625
Mean -0.01141
RMS
2.436
Rozklad wsp. y
dN/dyf
Nexus
Entries 26625
Mean -0.01064
RMS
2.406
Rozklad wsp. x
3
0
2
4
6
8 10
y f [fm]
Nexus
Entries 26625
Mean
26.1
RMS
64.66
Urqmd
Entries 139593
Mean
804.9
RMS
600.3
2.5
p Nexus
p Urqmd
2
1.5
1
1
0.5
0-2000
0.5
-1500 -1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
z f [fm]
00
200 400
600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
tf [fm/c]
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Nexus
dN/dxf
Entries 183837
Mean 0.005492
RMS
2.577
1.2
Urqmd
Entries 248777
Mean 0.005185
RMS
3.376
1
Rozklad wsp. y
1.2
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.2
2
4
6
dN/dzf
Rozklad wsp. z
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-150
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
8 10
x f [fm]
Nexus
Entries 183837
Mean
-3.16
21.42
RMS
Urqmd
Entries 248777
Mean
-16.29
RMS
50.3
0
2
4
Rozklad czasu wymrazania
dN/dt f
0
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
0.8
0.4
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
Urqmd
Entries 248777
Mean -0.003383
RMS
3.364
1
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
0.8
Nexus
Entries 183837
Mean -0.0001251
RMS
2.58
dN/dyf
Rozklad wsp. x
8 10
y f [fm]
Nexus
Entries 183837
Mean
10.82
RMS
18.9
6
Urqmd
Entries 248777
Mean
39.69
RMS
39.16
5
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
6
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
4
3
2
1
-100
-50
0
50
0
0
100 150
z f [fm]
20
40
60
80
100 120 140
tf [fm/c]
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dN/dxf
Entries 103168
Mean -0.005863
RMS
2.433
0.4
Urqmd
Entries
87439
Mean -0.004966
RMS
1.76
0.35
0.3
π+ Nexus
0.25
π+
0.2
Urqmd
0.4
Urqmd
0.35
0.3
π+ Urqmd
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.05
2
4
6
Nexus
Entries 103168
Mean -0.1073
RMS
2.641
Urqmd
Entries 87439
Mean -0.3102
1.442
RMS
5
4
3
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
8 10
x [fm]
π+ Nexus
4
π+ Urqmd
3
2
1
1
2
4
6
8 10
z f [fm]
2
4
5
2
0
0
Rozklad czasu wymrazania (bez czastek z rozpadu rezonansow)
dN/dt f
0
Rozklad wsp. z (bez czastek z rozpadu rezonansow)
dN/dzf
π+ Nexus
0.25
0.1
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
Entries
87439
Mean -0.002265
RMS
1.752
0.15
0.15
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
Nexus
Entries 103168
Mean 0.01765
2.427
RMS
Rozklad wsp. y (bez czastek z rozpadu rezonansow)
dN/dyf
Nexus
Rozklad wsp. x (bez czastek z rozpadu rezonansow)
0
0
6
8 10
y f [fm]
Nexus
Entries 103168
Mean
2.178
RMS
2.014
Urqmd
Entries 87439
Mean
0.4492
RMS
1.426
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10
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2K/82<þv>!&Èù^"Ó%þ*& ï8&
$M_Ç:.I1M-.54!"wEC2/.2Æ@21JvÿZ6 "K-·þÒ>1*"#;øþv?I" 1*ý "K/.E
"Ç:.E
20¦
/X2 Å:n2>!.2-1 9" Y> þ>!s1A@21:8"-;/8"<5Â8"KI-.1E
5^EZ#4@204I/ þv>!I1*2K/8"K/882r?1*2K/.2< þ>!x!F 6t (( a/E E ( ö_K& Ñ ?2-i ÿ
;
ùú;8=?A"KJv@E
?;.? :.I2-;.J>55E8 þ#4 9 :8;<5Ó:n2>1 09" 4@J2<g#y"K1E
XI*"0J3>+5E¢K/8"04@2?BEZ"K#4gнIû3?A-AI2K1*:8"K·- þR@*12/8"0/82K
?1*2K/.2< þ>!7?A"0 R9" ?A"KJv@E
?;.?:n2A>1M"K@EC2KJ2Kÿ6
2k$MaNlnmf<Á<&
Nexus
Entries
43651
Mean
12.81
RMS
19.09
Urqmd
Entries
28106
Mean
44.23
RMS
36.64
1.4
1.2
1
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
0.8
Piony z rozpadu ω(782)
dN/dt
dN/dt
Piony z rozpadu ρ(770)
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.1
20
40
60
80
100
120 140
t [fm/c]
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
0.4
0.6
0
0
Nexus
Entries
19316
Mean
12.52
RMS
18.48
Urqmd
Entries
12311
Mean
64.64
RMS
39.06
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120 140
t [fm/c]
þ@;./.*Jï8&
$M_F^w2K1*J36ÿZ"K-#þP>1*"#;jþ3?!" 1Mý "0/.EZ"A:.E
2K/X2 r:.E
2K/X2 r:n2v>!82v-.1 K9" >iþ>!þv6ÿ 9" >1/8ECR1BI2K1*:8"K-.;@*12/8"0/82K
?1*2K/.2<þ>!xF6n (K( aN¦N54I@2/8"ÀÿC*"8?E ( ö3_K=¦N54I@2/8":8I"D"%/.EC*Â.E
*@J3E:8@1*þ3D"0/þB¦=?2-iÿýxþ.ÿB0.>1*Ig2/þR¦
?2-iÿx½Iû3?A-8
ù "H%þ*&Òï&C$M':.I1*-854!"wEC2/.2jI2K1*Jv6ÿ
"-·þã>1*"K@;Æþv?B!" 1Mý "0/.EZ"s:.E
2K/X2 :n2>!.2-1 9" >Yþ>!Æ1@21:8"-;Æ/8"<5Â"0!-1E
5
EZ54I204I/.Y2¨@*12/8"0/8@;Â8"0IE
2K/.2<Y28F0i5$_0'3_K±&uÀu2-2KÂ8/.EC=#"0JA-·ÿZ"¨I12/8"0/82ã?1*2K/.2<þ>!A?A"0J@EC?R;.?º:.@2-;8J>+5E
Öd×XØtÙdØnÚ5Ûd
Ü Ý>ÇÞ=ßXÚ5àÚDá×DÙ^â$g×RÛßÚ5Û
ïv_
r?2-¦ÿC;ùXúv;^þ#4 *9 :.;<5BÍ:n2v>1 09" 4@JK2<5D"K1E
RI*"KJ>+5E¢&lÿ
"k?2-iÿ
;j½Iû3?A-ÃI2K1*:8"K-#þk4IY2%/8"05" 1ý /.E
5#@1*YK2
I1*2K/8"K/8#;sÂ8"K@E
2K/.2<Y2%?A"< 9" -."P?A"0J@EC?A"8F:n2v-.2KÂ./.E
#"0J·- ÿZ"P@*12/8"0/82KÅ?12/.2< þ>!j:n2Ã>1*"K@E
$*aNlnmf<Á
2I"K1-2-."04@J2<g2R:2A>1M"K@EC2JK2Kÿ6
2%$MaKaNlnmf<Á0&
Piony z rozpadu ∆(1232)
0.08
Urqmd
Entries
17138
Mean
88.72
RMS
55.31
dN/dt
0.1
Nexus
Entries
8749
Mean
31.29
RMS
40.5
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
t [fm/c]
þ@;./.*Jsï&C$M'.F%X2K1JvÿZ6 "K-·þ»>1*"K@;Hþv?I" 1*ý "K/.E
":.EC2/XK2 ¾:8EC2/XK2 :n2>!.2-1X9" >Yþ>!»þvÿ6 9" >1*/.ECk1kI2K1*:8"K-.;H@*12/8"0/8@;
Â8"K@E
2K/82<g*YK20i5$_0'3_K^/.E
Â.E
*@JvE:.I1þv"K/þR¦g?B2-¦ÿýxþÿ0.>1*@2K/þ¦=?2-iÿx½Iû3?A-8
dN/dxf
0.4
Urqmd
Entries 88648
Mean 0.01541
RMS
3.132
0.35
0.3
p Nexus
p Urqmd
0.25
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
2
4
6
1
Urqmd
Entries 88648
Mean
-940.3
RMS
599.6
Nexus
Entries
9274
Mean
-2.856
14.42
RMS
0.8
p Nexus
p Urqmd
dN/dzf
Rozklad wsp. z (bez czastek z rozpadu rezonansow)
1.2
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
8 10
x f [fm]
0
2
4
Rozklad czasu wymrazania (bez czastek z rozpadu rezonansow)
1.8
dN/dzf
0
p Nexus
p Urqmd
0.25
0.15
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
Nexus
Entries
9274
Mean -0.02037
RMS
2.248
Urqmd
Entries 88648
Mean 0.02449
RMS
3.132
Rozklad wsp. y (bez czastek z rozpadu rezonansow)
dN/dyf
Nexus
Entries
9274
Mean -0.03394
RMS
2.188
Rozklad wsp. x (bez czastek z rozpadu rezonansow)
1.6
1.4
1
0.8
0.4
0.6
8 10
y f [fm]
Nexus
Entries 9274
Mean
5.115
RMS
13.86
Urqmd
Entries 88648
Mean
940.5
RMS
599.5
p Nexus
p Urqmd
1.2
0.6
6
0.4
0.2
0-2000
0.2
-1500 -1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
z f [fm]
00
200 400
600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
zf [fm/c]
þ@;./.*JHï8&
$ïFiw21JvÿZ6 "K·- þH>1*"K@2<20¦ :.@1**#4@I1*/./ þv>!X@:XK2 ÿ6
I1 *9 -./ þ>!H þv?!" 1*ý "K/.EZ"Ã:.I204I2K/X2 ;8>1*#4@/8E
>1 K9" >iþ>!
I*"KJ>+5E¢/.EC;vw1Yuÿ M9 -/.E
2K/.2Ç:.I204I2K/X2
:2>!.2-1 K9" >iþv>!Ò1@21:8"-;Ò@*12K/"0/82K /.EC*Â.E
*@J3Ed:8@1*þ3D"0/þǦ%?2-iÿ
ýxþ.ÿB0.>1*Ig2/ þR¦=?2-¦ ÿ½X!û3?-
Ñ E *9 >w-·ÿZ"?12/XK2 Ò>1iþÿCE/8:x&DBA=uþ54 9 :.;< 9" Ç?2v-.iÿ
;½Iû3?A--D"^?A"KJv@E
?":.I2-;.J3>+5EÇþ3/8ECJv;@21:8"-;
Öd×XØtÙdØnÚ5Ûd
Ü Ý>ÇÞ=ßXÚ5àÚDá×DÙ^â$g×RÛßÚ5Û
ï3'
I1*2K/8"K/882dFP:2>1*"#E
P2KJK26ÿC2Æ$MaNlnmf0Á%Y6ÿ*2 w/.E
þv/.E
Jv;Ó@21:8"-;ãI1*2K/8"K/82K?1*2K/.2<þ>!Ç2K!"01P1/"K>1*/.E
?/.E
5#@1?A"0J@EC?R;.?:n2>1*"#E
$*aKaglnmf0Áw` þv/.E
Jv;iI2K1*:8"K-.;%þvÿ6 9" >1*/.ECI12/8"0/82ÐÂ8"0IE
2K/.2<þ>!x&
w21:8"·- þjI1*2K/8"82Å 9" nK2 w/.E
1Aý 2-:n2<wECM-1EZj" ÿ
/.71Me
" ÿ
2KJ<j" ÿ
/.A?A"0J@EC?R;.?Î:8@2-;.J3>+5Eg:.@2K4@2/XK2 þ&ï& 3
>1*"K@E
A$*aKaglnmf0ÁXq?2-i ÿ
;½X!û3?-x>2%wE
-."u>d 2-PI"K1;xK5%ÿ CEy#:n205I1> /8"A.EZ#4@2KYI"KV? þ7/"A% þ*&Dï8&
$ïAY-.1E
d:.@1**-v¦
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2K/.2iI2K1JvÿZ6 "K·- þ£4 þÿ
JK2i£4 þ>!:.I204@2/XK2 dJ4nK2 I/.ECA:n2>!.2-1 P9" 1AI2K1*:8"K-.;jI1*2K/8"K/882q¦?A"0J@EC?R;.?ò$*aalnm
1*/.ECJ<"8& Ñ :.@¦1 þv:8"K-Jv;P:.I204I2K/X2 Ä/.E
?A"A?A"KJv@E
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J3;I2K1*:8"K-.;iI1*2K/8"K/82K`?*12K/82< þv>!
Y3·- þ 1Rý :.I204I2K/xÂ*9 -%K9" >BÂ8"0IE
2K/.*?Ê/.EC?2 1*ý Â þg>B þv:.I2v-.;.JK2<D"0/ þiÍI2K1:"K-1*ECR?B*12/3;&Bl ÿ
"P%þv?#; ÿZ"K>55E¼1*-*@1*/.EZ"
=9" -w1*ÿ6C2K4I"AVX
W sVWÃ:.Ii1 þ%/.*@YECE1M-I1*/.E
"%[ \]Í$*'KaNbdcefhj þ3J2K/ þv"K/.5g:.@¦1 þ%; ¦1 ý þ>E
;i?2-¦ ÿC;½X!û3?A-"0/8"0¦
ÿ
2KYE
>1/. ÿ
2KJ<p" ÿC/.B?A"0J@EC?R;.?:.@2-;8J>+5Ey:.I204I2K/X2 q1RI2K1*:8"K-;I1*2K/8"K/82KøÂ8"0IE
2K/.2< þ>!P þ54 9 :n2<"Kÿ6C27Í2KJKu2 ÿCEZY> þ
>1*"K@;P þv?B!" 1Mý "0/.EZ" õ lnmf<Á $ &XÀu2>!.2-1*/.EC£4 þ>!P?A"0J@EC?ÆK2 Ò:n274I"KJvEC?>1M"K@ECD5M54/8EC* þ*#"L#/ 8EC2/.K:2/.EC*" 1 ý
1*" i1 ý þvX#1¦þ/8">1*" i1 ý þ>EZ"B@*12/8"0/8@;7I1 M9 -;j$ylnmf0ÁX?;#Ex1M"K>!.2-1*E>^ D42 @/":.I2-;.J3>+#"B@*12/8"0/82Kd&
ä í
ñRêwîëùYöôPí é ó{+ ôõNü ó{ûGódðÒüiü
Ñ 4£þv?¾:n2-@21*-1*E
"pÿC:.@1**-.#4I"wE
2K/82d@21Jvÿ
6 "-·þB: M9 -;sJK2uÿC#5/.2R@Jv6ÿ
"-2<g¼© « ¬0© ® ¬0© ¯ =Et*/.IYKE
E:8@2K4@2K/K2 ÆEt:.EC2/XK2 d&
ù"i þ&ï8&
$ õ :.I1M-.54!"wEC2/.2%I2K1*Jv6ÿ
"·- þ: M9 -;E¼/.*@YECEuX@1iþ#4@JvE
>!s:.I204I2K/X2 d& Ñ ?B2-¦ÿC;»ùú;8þ54 9 :.;0 9"
Â8"KI-.12D þ#2J3E
¼?A"0J@EC?A"2-2KÂ8@I"04@22 d±s?2-¦ ÿC;¨½Iû3?A-g2JDK2 ÿ6£4 þ>!d"K#4I2LI> E<þ#4 9 :8;< D9" @21?Àþ4I¼?A"0J#E
?A"
¦=:.I204I2K/ þA;.1*/8""K/.:.@1*1?2-i ÿxùú;8D1*"2Â8@I"04@2KnK2 ÆÄ?B2-¦ ÿC;½Iû3?A-%;>1M54I/.EZ>1B9" Ä@M"0J>55E&
Urqmd
Entries 408885
Mean -0.003121
RMS
0.213
10
-1
RMS
410626
-0.0002289
0.1156
Urqmd
Entries 408885
Mean 0.0006188
RMS
0.2152
10
p Nexus
p Urqmd
1
10
-2
-2
10
10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
px [GeV/c]
2
Nexus
Entries 410626
Mean
-94.07
RMS
23.81
10
Urqmd
Entries 408885
Mean
-95.18
RMS
26.7
1
p Nexus
p Urqmd
Rozklad skladowej z pedu
dN/dpz
Mean
-1
10
10-3
-1.5
Entries
2
10
p Nexus
p Urqmd
1
Nexus
Rozklad skladowej y pedu
10
-1.5
2
10
10
1
-1
10
10
-2
10
10-3
10-3
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
py [GeV/c]
Nexus
Entries 410626
Mean
94.95
RMS
20.07
Urqmd
Entries 408885
Mean
95.53
RMS
25.43
p Nexus
p Urqmd
-1
10
-2
-4
10
-200 -150 -100 -50
-1
Rozklad energii
dN/dE
dN/dpx
Entries 410626
Mean 7.283e-05
RMS
0.1155
2
10
dN/dpy
Nexus
Rozklad skladowej x pedu
-4
0
50 100 150 200
pz [GeV/c]
10
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
E [GeV]
þ@;./.*Jï8&
$ õ Fw2K1*Jvÿ
6 "-·þP: M9 -;jE¼*/.IYKE
Eu:.I204@2/XK2 /.E
Â.E
*@JvEy:8@1*þ3D"0/þi¦w?2v-.iÿNýxþÿ0x>1*Ig2/þi¦X?2-iÿ
½Iû3?A-8
ù "Ð%þ*&Èï&C$ :.@1**-.#4I"wE
2K/82ÇI2K1*Jv6ÿ
"-·þÐ: *9 -;rER/.*@YECE:.@2K4@2/XK2 È;8>1**#4@/.EZ>1 K9" >iþv>!Ò @M"0J3>+5E%Ë#þ>E 9 4I2Ì
2Â8#*@D"<4I2KnK2 :8@1¦þã1M"K#4@2@2<D"0/.E
;4!"0JvEZ>!Ð@"K?Vþ>!ÆJ3þ34@*@EMK2 Å#"0JÇÊ:2:.I1*-./.EC? :n2v-.@21*-1*E
"pÿCï& ïv±&rX/"jÿ
EC1M"
4£þ>!ÃI2K1*Jvÿ6
"-wK2 øE¼:n2KnK2 w/8"K/.ECRE
>!j1ï8&
$ õ #"#/82k:n2045wE
!-1*"%w/.E
2@J1"0/8p" ÿCE
i1 þJvI204@/82LI> EE¼I2K1*Jv6ÿ
"-wK2 q>1M"K@2<g2K¦
Öd×XØtÙdØnÚ5Ûd
Ü Ý>ÇÞ=ßXÚ5àÚDá×DÙ^â$g×RÛßÚ5Û
ïï
:.I1M54I@1*/./þ>!x 1ý wE/ÿ
2L >g;>1M54I/.E
J2 dK"wE *9 >DE.I2K1*?BEZ"0R1* 32 -6ÿ
"^?EC4@;< 9" >*YK2d>1 K9" #4@JvE. 9" wE 9 J@1DÇ?B2-¦ÿC;A½Iû3?A/.E 1wý Æ?2v-.i ÿ
;ùú;8*& Ñ ?2-i ÿ
;7ùXú;8¼1/"K>1*/8"d>1 9 >D/.*@YECE1M-I1*"0 K9" i> þv>!B#E u9 K9" -.5M54N;8/.2@12/8"ãJvE
I;./.Jv;
:n2-ÿC6 ; 1ý / þv? :.I1*12KÂ#*@D"<4I2KnK2 dN:.I1M>E
wECu8/ #45wECÃ-.2H?2v-.i ÿ
;нX!û?A-ÓY3-1E
A5M54%1*; i1 ý þvD"0/8"/"»:.I2v-.;.J>5 9
>1 K9" #4@*Jt&
Nexus
dN/dpx
Entries
26625
Mean 0.0006855
RMS
0.4487
1.4
Urqmd
Entries 139593
Mean -0.006254
RMS
0.3319
1.2
1
Rozklad skladowej y pedu
1.4
Urqmd
1
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
-0.5
0
0.5
Nexus
Entries 26625
Mean
-19.9
RMS
28.8
dN/dpz
Rozklad skladowej z pedu
1.8
1.6
Urqmd
Entries 139593
Mean
-81.94
RMS
39.05
1.4
1.2
p Nexus
p Urqmd
1
0
-1.5
1
1.5
pz [GeV/c]
-1
Rozklad energii
dN/dE
-1
p Nexus
p Urqmd
0.8
0.6
0
-1.5
Entries 139593
Mean 0.001335
RMS
0.3359
1.2
p Nexus
p Urqmd
0.8
Nexus
Entries
26625
Mean -0.004194
RMS
0.4487
dN/dpy
Rozklad skladowej x pedu
1
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
py [GeV/c]
Nexus
Entries 26625
Mean
23.48
RMS
25.98
Urqmd
Entries 139593
Mean
82.9
RMS
36.98
p Nexus
p Urqmd
0.2
0
-200 -150 -100 -50
0
50 100 150 200
pz [GeV/c]
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
E [GeV]
þ@;./.*Jï8&
$ F¨w2K1*J36ÿZ"K-#þ: M9 -;»E=*/.IYKE
E¼:.I204@2/XK2 Å;8>1**#4@/.EZ>1 K9" >iþv>!sº@M"0J>55EX/.E
Â8ECM#JvE=:.I1*%þvD"0/þP¦?2-iÿ
ýxþ.ÿB0.>1*Ig2/þR¦=?2-¦ÿ½X!û3?-
ù "jþv*&»ï8&
$ ( :.I1*-854!"wEC2/.2I2K1Jv6ÿZ"K-·þs:g*9 -;ÇEw/.*@YECED-·ÿZ"Ã:8EC2/XK2 d& ü *-·þv/8"ÃwE
-.2v>1/8"jn2 1ý /8E
>*"P4@2swE@*9 J#1*
JvI204@/82LI> EN>1K9" #4@*J¾?B2-¦ÿC;ǽX!û3?-x¼ÂgM9 -7K9" >kþv/.E
JvEC*?ÈwEI9 J@1#¨Eÿ
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ïõ
Nexus
Entries 183837
Mean -0.0006833
RMS
0.3186
2.5
Urqmd
Entries 248777
Mean 0.003829
RMS
0.3089
2
Rozklad skladowej y pedu
dN/dpy
dN/dpx
Rozklad skladowej x pedu
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
1.5
Urqmd
0.5
0.5
0
0.5
Rozklad skladowej z pedu
dN/dpz
0
-1.5
1
1.5
pz [GeV/c]
Nexus
Entries 183837
Mean -0.9995
RMS
4.266
6
Urqmd
Entries 248777
Mean
-1.836
RMS
4.908
5
3
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
py [GeV/c]
Nexus
Entries 183837
Mean
2.598
RMS
3.558
6
Urqmd
Entries 248777
Mean
3.238
4.142
RMS
5
4
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
4
-1
Rozklad energii
dN/dE
-0.5
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
1.5
1
-1
Entries 248777
Mean -0.0003461
RMS
0.3096
2
1
0
-1.5
Nexus
Entries 183837
Mean 0.0006719
RMS
0.3184
2.5
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
3
2
2
1
1
0
-20 -15 -10
0
0
-5
0
5
10 15 20
pz [GeV/c]
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20
E [GeV]
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Nexus
Rozklad pospiesznosci
dN/dy
dN/dy
Urqmd
10
Entries 408885
Mean
-5.135
RMS
1.041
1
p Nexus
p Urqmd
26625
-1.841
2.637
Urqmd
Entries
Mean
RMS
1
139593
-4.642
1.654
p Nexus
p Urqmd
10-2
10-2
"
Entries
Mean
RMS
10-1
10-1
10-3
-6
Nexus
Rozklad pospiesznosci
Entries 410626
Mean
-5.097
RMS
1.249
102
10-3
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
y
Â
10-4
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
y
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"-."K>!
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dN/dy
Rozklad pospiesznosci
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-6
Nexus
Entries 183837
Mean
-0.642
RMS
2.281
Urqmd
Entries 248777
Mean
-1.2
RMS
2.408
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
y
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Rozklad masy poprzecznej
K+ Nexus
102
2
102
K+ Urqmd
p Nexus
p Urqmd
10
2
π+ Urqmd
d N/(2πmTdpTdy)
π+ Nexus
103
2
Rozklad masy poprzecznej
d N/(2πmTdpTdy)
d N/(2πmTdpTdy)
Rozklad masy poprzecznej
ï(
10
10
1
1
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
mT [GeV/c]
0.4 0.6 0.8
1
1.2 1.4
mT [GeV/c]
0.9 1 1.11.21.31.4 1.51.61.71.8
mT [GeV/c]
þ@;./.*Jï8&)_0a8Fw21Jv6ÿ
"-·þ?A"«þR:2:.@1**>1/.#y:.E
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Entries 183216
Mean x -1.389
Mean y
7.426
RMS x
11.08
1.2
RMS y
9.058
50
45
z vs. t π+ Urqmd
t f [fm/c]
t f [fm/c]
z vs. t π + Nexus
40
Entries 248777
Mean x -4.187
5
Mean y
16.51
RMS x
18.64
RMS y
14.39
50
45
40
1
35
30
4
35
30
0.8
25
3
25
0.6
20
15
20
2
15
0.4
10
10
1
0.2
5
0
-50
5
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
z f [fm]
0
0
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
z f [fm]
0
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@1 *9 -/ þ>!x&
Entries 183216
Mean x -0.5163
0.9
Mean y -0.9968
RMS x
2.664
0.8
RMS y
10.52
50
40
30
0.7
20
0.6
10
pz vs. z π+ Urqmd
z f [fm]
z f [fm]
pz vs. z π + Nexus
Entries 248777
Mean x -0.4483
0.6
Mean y -4.055
RMS x
2.202
RMS y
19.55
50
40
0.5
30
20
0.4
10
0.5
0
0
0.4
-10
0.3
-20
-30
-30
-40
0.1
-40
0
-50
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
pz [GeV/c]
0.2
-20
0.2
-50
-10
0.3
-10
0.1
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
p z [GeV/c]
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Stosunek protonow i antyprotonow do naladowanych hadronow
(p+p)/Ncharged
0.7
0.6
STAR
UrQMD
NeXus
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
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Urqmd
Entries 250540
Mean
0.3599
RMS
0.2555
Nexus
Entries 181233
Mean
0.3737
RMS
0.26
dn/dpT
ped poprzeczny
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
õ_
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
pT [GeV/c]
þ@;./.*J õ & '8F X2K1JvÿZ6 "K-: *9 -:2:.@1**>1/.*YK2¾:.E
2K/X2 /.E
Â.E
*@JvEj:8@1*þ3D"0/þ§¦Ç?2-iÿùXú;8H>1*@2K/þ¦
?2-iÿ¨½Iû3?A-8 :8EC2/.2<þv?BEÿ
E
/.E
"K?Ed1*"01*/8"K>12/.2Ç"KJ>:4I2<"K/þÓ-2Ð"K/8"jÿ
E
1iþÐE
/34@@I2K?4@þv>1/.#%1*"KJv@Mk: *9 -.;
:n2K:.I1M>1*/.Y2
w21Jv6ÿZ"K-: *9 -;s:n2K:.I1M>1/8YK2i-2-."<4I/.EZ>!Ã:.E
2K/X2 d11*"01*/8"K>12/þv?ò:.I1*-.1EZ"06ÿ
?
"0J3>*:4@2<D"0/þ>!"K#4I2LI> EL:.@1**-v¦
#4I"wE
2K/.2R/8"þv*& õ & '.& Ñ E *9 J#1*2L >:.E
2K/K2 `?A": *9 -k:2:.I1*>1/þ7/8"pÿC 1 ý 9" >YþAw6ÿZ"@/ .EC-24IYK2B:.I1M-1EZ"06ÿ
;x&
w21Jvÿ
6 "-Ç:23#:.E
*@1/82LI> EX:.E
2K/K2 dw11M"01/"K>1*2K/ þv? :.I1M-1EZ"06ÿ
? "0J3>:.4@2<D"0/ þ>!D"0@4@2yI> E:.@1**-.#4I"wE
2K/82s/"
þ& õ & ï&ÃÉ2ÃJ3 þ34@*@E
;.? #¦ÿC*J>+5EgË# þ>E
/8"Ì^1*/8"K>1/.E
7wE *9 >5>1 K9" #4@*Jn&j2Ã"K/8j" ÿ
E
i1 þs/.ECi Ã9" "0J>:4I2<"K/.:.E
2K/ þ1
:.I1M#;8/.E 9 4@*YK2ø#4@I2K/ 9 ;<5?/ þ>!P"KI#4@2y@> E?A"0J@EC?R;.?Ò@21Jv6ÿZ"K-1*EC^:23#:.E
*@1/82LI> Et`?2-i ÿ
;½XR&
urqmd
Entries 250540
Mean
-1.192
RMS
2.407
nexus
Entries 181233
Mean -0.6264
RMS
2.279
dn/dy
Rozklad pospiesznosci
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-6
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
y
þ@;./.*J õ & ï8FX2K1JvÿZ6 "K-R:23#:8ECM#1*/.2LI> Ev:.E
2K/X2 Ä/.EC*Â.E
*@J3E8:.@1* þv"K/ þ¦?2-¦ ÿ.ùXú;8*>1*@2K/ þ¦x?2-iÿ8½Iû3?A-8 :.E
2K/82<þ3?E"ÿ
EC/.EZ"0?E1M"01/"K>1*2K/.2"0J3>*:4@2<D"0/þ-27"0/8"pÿCE
1iþAE
/34@*#*@2?B4@þ>1/85N1M"0Jv@MN:n2@:.E
*@1/.2y@> E
uÀ 2 1¦ý þ34@*>1/.=5*#4nK2 w/.E
1ý þ3JvI%ÿ C*/.E
XX#:K2 6ÿ
@1 *9 -/þ>!7>1M"K@2<g2K¦¢:.I1M54I@1*/./þ>!¨2I"K1X: M9 -;%Et*/.IYKE
Eþv6ÿ K9" >1/.E
-·ÿZ"^:.EC2/XK2 dKJ4nK2 Ig1*2#4I"K6ÿþd1M"K"0J3>*:4@2<D"0/.g-2d"0/8"pÿCE
1iþdE
/34@@I2K?4@þv>1/.#¦#J2K/8#4@I;.2<D"0/.=;./.J>55DJK2KIiÿZ"K>iþM5/.NE
-2:8"K@2<D"0/.g:.@2?EC*/.ECDR¿ DÉã M9 - 9" #E w9 :.I1M>E
1ý 2v-./.2@E>L 5M·- þv/.ECX-.2Ã1* 32 -ÿ6Z"*?BEC4@;0 K9" >*YK2:.E
2K/ þ¨Ç>/34IIp" ÿC/ þd1*"KJv@M
:n2@:.E
*@1/.2y@> EEx:n2-."0/8 þ 1*ý 5D1*"0JvI*%þ: M9 -wK2 d&
w21Jvÿ
6 "-P>1*"#2<20¦ :.I1M54I@1*/./ þ>!AX#:K2 ÿ6
@1 *9 -/ þ>!%:.E
2K/K2 Ò1*"K"KJ>:4I2<"K/ þ>!%-.2%"0/8p" ÿCE
i1 þkEC/34I@I2K?4I% þ>1*/.5
:.I1M-.#4I"wE
2K/.2s/8" þv*& õ & õ & Ñ "K#4I2s:n2KnK2 w/"u>P YK21 þ&Òï8&
$*aj¦BwE
-."u>0 1ý Ë@2KÂt>E *9 >E
"Ìk:21*"»1*?B/8EC###1*/.E
?
JvI204@/82LI> E}¼wÿ6Z"I> E
wEC/.E
d1?E
/.E
ÿ6 þ%@21Jvÿ6
"-wK2 Ð>1*"#2<20¦ :.I1*#4@I1*/./ þ>!x&
w21Jvÿ
6 "·- þ4@I1M>!R@J3ÿ6Z"K-.2< þv>!d: *9 -.;RE*/.IYKE
Ev:.EC2/XK2 »1M"K"KJ>*:4@2<D"0/ þ>!d-2"0/8p" ÿCE
i1 þdE
/34@@I2K?4@ þv>1/.#:.@1**-v¦
#4I"wE
2K/.2A/"A% þ*& õ & &Àu2KnK2 w/v;< 9" >N5R1R"K/8j" ÿ
2KYE
>1/ þv?BE@21Jv6ÿ
"-."0?Ex·- ÿZ"7X@1iþ#4@JvEZ>!:.EC2/XK2 ø/8"%% þ*&wï8&
$ ( wEZ-."u>
Öd×XØtÙdØnÚ5Ûd©
Ü Þy@ß×DÖá×à ÃßÛ^ßXÚ5â§ÇÞ¼ßÚ5à,×à Èá×DÙâ/×!BÛßXÚ5ÛÒÚDÙXÛßÞ3âDãrÙ×äå à Ú5Û^Ùâ=ØtÛßÞ3âDã
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
0
Rozklad wsp. z (po obcieciach)
dN/dzf
Urqmd
Entries
38220
Mean -0.006146
RMS
3.555
2
4
6
Nexus
Entries 35256
Mean
0.1577
RMS
3.185
0.7
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
0.6
0.5
0.09
0.08
0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-40 -30 -20 -10
0
10
20
0
2
4
Rozklad czasu wymrazania (po obcieciach)
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0
30 40
zf [fm]
Urqmd
Entries 38220
Mean 0.01361
RMS
3.569
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
8 10
x f [fm]
Urqmd
Entries 38220
Mean
-1.006
RMS
10.53
Nexus
Entries 35256
Mean 0.01141
RMS
2.768
Rozklad wsp. y (po obcieciach)
dN/dyf
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
Nexus
Entries
35256
Mean 1.329e-05
RMS
2.748
dN/dtf
dN/dxf
Rozklad wsp. x (po obcieciach)
õ'
6
8 10
y f [fm]
Nexus
Entries 35256
Mean
4.071
RMS
3.906
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
Urqmd
Entries 38220
Mean
11.98
RMS
9.42
5
10
15
20
25
30
35 40
tf [fm/c]
þ@;./.*J õ & õ FxX2K1Jvÿ6Z"K·- þ^>1*"#2<20¦ :.I1M54I@1*/./ þ>!wX#:K2 ÿ6
@1 *9 -/ þ>!^ þv?!" 1*ý "K/.EZ"g:8EC2/XK2 s1*""0J>:4I2<"K/þv>!^-2"0/"jÿC¦
E
1iþ7E
/34@*#*@2?B4@þ>1/85/8EC*Â.ECM#JvEx:8@1*þ3D"0/þR¦N?2-iÿxùú;8*8>1*Ig2/þB¦=?2-iÿL½X!û?A-8
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
Nexus
Entries
35256
Mean 0.0008803
RMS
0.2528
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
Urqmd
Entries
38220
Mean -0.001041
RMS
0.2516
Rozklad skladowej y pedu (po obcieciach)
dN/dpy
dN/dpx
Rozklad skladowej x pedu (po obcieciach)
0.12
0.08
Urqmd
0.06
Entries
38220
Mean -0.0008966
RMS
0.2515
0.04
0.02
0.02
0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
py [GeV/c]
0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
pz [GeV/c]
0.1
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
dN/dpz
Entries
35256
Mean -0.001919
RMS
0.1131
0.08
0.06
Rozklad energii (po obcieciach)
0.12
dN/dE
Nexus
0.12
0.1
Urqmd
0.08
Entries
38220
Mean -0.005709
RMS
0.1127
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0
-0.5-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
pz [GeV/c]
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
0.1
0.04
Rozklad skladowej z pedu (po obcieciach)
Nexus
Entries
35256
Mean 0.0007892
RMS
0.2526
0
0
Nexus
Entries 35256
Mean
0.3824
RMS
0.1175
π+ Nexus
π+ Urqmd
Urqmd
Entries 38220
Mean
0.3802
RMS
0.1174
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
E [GeV]
þ@;./.*J õ & Fw21Jvÿ6
"·- þ»: *9 -;ÓEw*/.IYKE
Ew:.E
2K/X2 §1*""0J3>:.4@2<D"0/þ>!H-2H"0/8"pÿCE
1iþ»E
/34@*#*@2?B4@þ>1/85k/.EC*Â.E
*@J3E
:.I1*%þvD"0/þR¦N?2v-.iÿxùXú;8>1*@2K/þB¦=?2-iÿ½Iû3?A-8
Öd×XØtÙdØnÚ5Ûd©
Ü Þy@ß×DÖá×à ÃßÛ^ßXÚ5â§ÇÞ¼ßÚ5à,×à Èá×DÙâ/×!BÛßXÚ5ÛÒÚDÙXÛßÞ3âDãrÙ×äå à Ú5Û^Ùâ=ØtÛßÞ3âDã
õï
- ; 1ý i2 1ý /.EZ>&ã^Ân>E M9 >E
k/8"j: *9 -ã:2:.@1**>1/þË#þ>E 9 6ÿ
2Ìd:8EC2/þ»2s?A"0ÿ/6 þ>!: *9 -.">!é « E¼© ® N/8"04@2K?EZ"K#4R2Ân>E M9 >E
/8":n2@:.E
*@1/.2y >i1M"K"0J3>*:4@2<D"06ÿ
275M-·þv/.ECÃ:.EC2/þ2»?A"06ÿ/þ>!ø>2-.2»"K#4I2LI> EwÂn1w1*Ypÿ *9 -/85@B: *9 -.">!»© ¯ &ÒÀNEC2/þ
2j4I"KJ»?"K6ÿþ>!ã: M9 -."K>!ã/.ECP?2KY 9" ?E
>i wE M9 >k-.; 1ý #R/8IYKE
Eg¦dI2K1*J3ÿ6Z"K-H/.*@YECED1*">¦1 þ3/"Ã@E i9 /.E
*>2s:n2<þ 1*ý 5?A"«þ
@:2>i1 þv/.JK2<5=:8EC2/XK2 ºa ô $ïgbdcedEJK2D/ >i1 þ5M·- þv/.E
d/8"a ôª( bdc<e&
Ñ "0@4@25*@1*>1d#:8I"X-1*E>N #"0J%J3 þ34@*@EZ"R@iÿ
J3>+5Et:.E
2K/X2 `w:.ÿ/6 þv"0 9" /"RI2K1*Jvÿ
6 "·- þ7·- þv/8"0?EZ>1*/.K&
ù"j þv*& õ & ( :n2KJ<"K1*"0/82Ã1*p" ÿC 1ý /.2y >%X#:K2 ÿ6
@1 *9 -/.#¨:2-6ÿ
; 1*ý /.5¸Ã2->1*"#;ã¹·- ÿZ"Ã:.E
2K/K2 ¾1*""0J3>:.4@2<D"0/ þ>!-.2
"K/8j" ÿ
EC¦1 þEC/34@*#*@2?4@ þ>1*/.5&Àu22 w/v;<yK9" >5P1P þv*&ï& _.$k/8ECPwEZ-."u>k 2 1ý /.EZ>k§:.Ii1 þv:8"-Jv;H?2v-.i ÿ
;ǽ±ò¦
*?BEZ#"5M54¨>*"0ÿ/6 þÃ>1M"KEC1*204I@2:2<D".&B{ ÿZ"i?B2-¦ ÿC;»ùú;8wE@9 J#1*2L >:8EC2/XK2 r/"K-.p" ÿt5*#4¨?E 4I2<"K/8"717>/34@!j" ÿ
/.*YK2
2Â8#1M"0I;/8"s:n2>1 09" 4@Jv;Æ@M"0J3>+5E¢x5*-./8"0JÇ-.j" ÿ
5BwE
-."u>0 1ý Ë@2KÂt>E *9 >EZ"KÌ/.E
1*"K"KJ>:4I2<"Kÿ6 þ:.E
2K/X2 dgJ34nK2 Ii þvÿ/6 þ·- ÿZ"
>1*"K2K`:2< þ 1ý # õ lnmf<ÁX?E 4I2<"K/.1Â.@1*Y2< þv>!2-.-.p" ÿ
"0 K9" i> þv>!i#E 9 2KÂ8@1*"K2 d&
Entries
Mean x
Mean y
RMS x
RMS y
50
45
35127
0.1298
4.082
2.889
4.036
40
35
z vs. t π + Urqmd (po obcieciach)
0.14
0.12
t f [fm/c]
t f [fm/c]
z vs. t π+ Nexus (po obcieciach)
Entries
Mean x
Mean y
RMS x
RMS y
50
45
38220
-1.014
13.16
9.216
11.09
0.4
0.35
40
0.1
30
35
0.3
30
0.25
25
0.2
0.08
25
0.06
20
15
20
10
0.1
10
0.02
5
0
-50
0.15
15
0.04
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
z f [fm]
0.05
5
0
0
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
0
40
50
z f [fm]
þ@;./.*J õ & ( F , j" ÿ
1ý /82L >X#:X2 6ÿCI18M9 -/.#D:n2-ÿ
6 ; 1ý /.#¸%2->1*"#;¹X·- ÿZ"A:.E
2K/K2 q1*""0J3>:.4@2<D"0/þ>!k-2i"0/8"pÿCE
1iþkEC/34@*#¦
*@2?B4@þ>1/85^18ÿ
5w#4@I2K/þA?2v-.iÿxùXú;881:8I"5?B2-¦ÿx½X!û3?-
Entries
35127
Mean x -0.0008052
0.1649
Mean y
RMS x
0.1148
3.375
RMS y
50
40
30
pz vs. z π + Urqmd (po obcieciach)
0.07
0.06
0.05
20
10
0.04
0
z f [fm]
z f [fm]
pz vs. z π+ Nexus (po obcieciach)
40
30
0.03
0.025
10
0.02
0
-10
-10
-20
0.02
-20
-30
0.035
20
0.03
0.015
0.01
-30
0.01
-40
-50
-1
Entries
38220
Mean x -0.005302
-1.091
Mean y
RMS x
0.1127
12.07
RMS y
50
-0.8
-0.6 -0.4
-0.2
-0
0.2
0.4
0.6 0.8
1
pz [GeV/c]
0
0.005
-40
-50
-1
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2
-0
0.2
0.4
0.6 0.8
1
pz [GeV/c]
0
þ@;./.*J õ & ö8F , "jÿ
1*ý /.2y. >:n2-6ÿC; 1ý /.#k#JvÿZ6 "K-2<5A: *9 -;ã© ¯ 2-ÐX@:XK2 6ÿ
@1 *9 -/85A:2-6ÿ
; 1*ý /.5k¸Ç-·ÿZ":8EC2/XK2 Ê1M"K"0J3>*:¦
4I2<"K/þ>!%-.2"K/8"jÿ
E
1iþ7E
/34@@I2K?4@þv>1/.#1ÿ
5D54I@2/þ%?B2-¦ÿxùXúv;1d:.!"5N?2-iÿL½X!û?A-8
ù "%þ*& õ & öP:n2KJ<"01M"0/.21M"jÿ
1*ý /.2L >#Jv6ÿZ"K-2<5: M9 -;© ¯ 2-X#:X2 ÿC6 I1 M9 -/.#¸:8EC2/XK2 dyJ34K2 IA:.I1M#1*6ÿþÃ@iÿ
J3>+ 9 &
Àu22 w/3;0 K9" >y51þv*&uï8&)_K_wEZ-."u>X :.I1M-X@1iþ#4@JvEC?¾@Jv;4@JvEn2KÂt>E *9 >EZ"¨/":n2@:.E
*@1/.2y >K>2R1*""0J>:4I2<"K6ÿC2D5M-·þv/.E
Öd×XØtÙdØnÚ5Ûd©
Ü Þy@ß×DÖá×à ÃßÛ^ßXÚ5â§ÇÞ¼ßÚ5à,×à Èá×DÙâ/×!BÛßXÚ5ÛÒÚDÙXÛßÞ3âDãrÙ×äå à Ú5Û^Ùâ=ØtÛßÞ3âDã
õõ
?A"0ÿ
6 : M9 -·þi© ¯ &%{ÿZ"P?2-iÿ
;HùXúv;d1*"K;3D" 1Mý "0?ÀþP-.2v-8"<4@J2<g2i1?/.E
5#@1*/.E
AEÿ
2LI> E¼:.E
2K/K2 º2-; 1iý þ >!s"K#4I2LI> EZ"K>!
Ân1*w1Ypÿ *9 -./þ>!kX#:X2 6ÿCI1 M9 -/.#g¸8&
øFùYúFùVû
ü$ýþÿ
Rÿ>ý yÿ
ü "0JA4I25; 1¨ý 1*2#4I"0ÿ
6 2:2<wE
*-.1EZ"0/.:n2v-8>1*"w2K?A"wEZ"0/8"KE
"R?4I2v-#þkD"0YÒ:2-I2K1M-1EZ"jÿ
d'.& ïA;.?2 1iý ÿ
E
wE
"2/8"BÂ8"K-."K/.E
w:.6ÿ/þvw;R#4I"04£þv#4£þvJvEKJv"K/34@2<5xEv2-.-1EZ"0ÿ/6 þv"d/ ã#4I"K/.ECgJK2D8/ >2<þv?ø/8"^Jv@14!"0ÿC6 4;./8J>+5EJ2KIiÿZ"K>iþ*5/85& Ñ :8@1¦þ3:"K-Jv;
Â8"-."0/ þ>!Pø4@#:.!"KY> þiJK2@¦ ÿ
">+5ExEZ-*/£4 þ>1/ þ>!:.EC2/XK2 ø2-.-1*E
"Kÿ6 þvD"0/.E
¨@Eÿ
/.?A"%:2?BE #j" ÿ
/ þkw:8ÿ6 þvq/8"k>!8"0!"0J34@*
J2KIi ÿZ"K>+5E¢*5*-/8"KJ72-.-1*E
"Kÿ6 þvD"0/.E
^Jv#; ÿ
2K?RÂ2<X@JvECw:.ÿ/6 þv"^5; 1dý 1*/8"K>1/.E
K&
Ñ >¦ ÿC;»:n2KJ<"01M"0/.EZ"iw:.ÿ/6 þ3w;»2-: þ>!8"K/.E
"iJv#; ÿ
2K?RÂ2<X@JvEC*YK2i/8"JK2@¦ ÿ
">+5:8"K-2-."<4I/.EZ>!s:8EC2/XK2 º/8" þ& õ & :.I1M-.#4I"wE
2K/.2w5M-/.2< þv?E
"K@2< 9" ;./8J>+ 9 J2KIi ÿZ"KY> þM5/ k9" l BAwv¬ BA=g1?2-¦ ÿC;PùXúv;D2K#Â ÿ
E
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C(Q inv )
Nexus: 1D funkcja korelacyjna
2
Coul Off
Coul On
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Qinv [GeV]
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EZ>12/8"B:.I1iþ%; 1iý þ>E
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C(Qinv )
Urqmd: 1D funkcja korelacyjna
2
Coul Off
Coul On
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Qinv [GeV]
þ@;.Ï /.*J õ &
$*a.F ü M-/.2<þv?E
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C(Qinv )
Nexus: 1D funkcja korelacyjna
2
Nexus
fit
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Qinv [GeV]
þ@;./.*J õ &
$K$F ü *-/82< þ3?EZ"0I2<"d;./.J>5#"JK2@¦ ÿ
"Y> þM5/8"%n BADV¬ BAN1?2-iÿ
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E
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E 4£þ>1*/8";./.J>5#"BJK2KIiÿZ"K>iþM5/8"%/.EC*Â.E
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C(Qinv )
Nexus: 1D funkcja korelacyjna (bez pionow z rozpadu rezonansow)
2
Nexus
fit
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Qinv [GeV]
þ@;./.*J õ &
$M_.F ü *-/82<þ3?EZ"0I2<"%;./.J3>+#"J2KIiÿZ"K>iþ*5/"snBAw¬VBA=¨Ï 17?2-iÿ
;ùXú;8%Â*1%:.E
2K/X2 Å:n2>!.2-1 9" >Yþ>!
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E
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C(Qinv )
Urqmd: 1D funkcja korelacyjna
2
1.8
Urqmd
fit
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Qinv [GeV]
þ@;./.*J õ &C$M'.F ü *-./.2< þv?BEZ"0I2<D"X;./8J>+#"JK2@¦ ÿ
"Y> þM5/8"l BAwv¬ BA=¼1^?B2-¦ÿC;k½X!û?A-A2Â#ÿ
E
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E 4£þ>1*/8";./.J>5#"BJK2KIiÿZ"K>iþM5/8"%/.EC*Â.E
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C(Qinv )
Urqmd: 1D funkcja korelacyjna (bez pionow z rozpadu rezonansow)
2
1.8
Urqmd
fit
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Qinv [GeV]
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