Polish electricians individual 2nd grade equipment to protect against

Summary
Installing AMI equipment on pole MV/LV substations with
the live working technology is an interesting alternative to the
performance of such work with voltage disconnected. No additional expenditures are necessary, because it is based on existing live working technologies applied in MV overhead lines with
a lift and an insulation arm as well as the live working technology
applied in LV distribution equipment. This technology will certainly improve the SAIDI index significantly; however, in order to
get even better effects in this regard, an insulated shunt has to be
designed that makes it possible to shunt the LV cable bridge of
a MV/LV pole substation for the period of its disconnection from
transformer terminals.
References
Technical Reports:
[1] M. Schwann, Specyfikacja techniczna „Szafki pomiarowe bilansujące nn”, ENERGA-OPERATOR SA, Gdańsk, styczeń 2014 r.
[2] M. Schwann, Specyfikacja techniczna „Przekładniki prądowe
nn do infrastruktury AMI”, ENERGA-OPERATOR SA, Gdańsk,
marzec 2013 r.
[3] M. Schwann, Wytyczne w zakresie montażu infrastruktury AMI
w stacjach transformatorowych SN/nn, ENERGA-OPERATOR
SA, Gdańsk, maj 2013 r.
[4] P. Iwaniuk, J. Sztukowski, M. Schwann, Formularz planu pracy
„Montaż i podłączenie elementów infrastruktury AMI na słupowej stacji transformatorowej SN/nn”, ENERGA-OPERATOR SA,
Gdańsk, maj 2013 r.
Papers from Conference Proceedings (Published):
[5] P. Iwaniuk, J. Sztukowski, M. Schwann, Wykorzystanie technologii PPN do montażu urządzeń AMI, XI Konferencja Naukowo-Techniczna Prace pod napięciem w Polsce i na świecie, Zielona Góra,13-14 czerwca 2013 r.
Webpages:
[6]www.hubix.pl
[7]www.abb.com.pl
[8]www.efen.com.pl
[9]www.pl.pfisterer.com
[10]www.ure.gov.pl
Jerzy Nowikow, Hubert Nowikow, Grzegorz Matusiak 1)
Bogumił Dudek 2)
HUBIXPKBwE SEP Poland
Polish electricians individual 2nd grade equipment
to protect against the thermal hazards
of electric arc according to PN-EN 61482
Indywidualne wyposażenie polskich monterów-elektryków w odzież
2 kl. ochrony przed zagrożeniami termicznymi spowodowanymi
łukiem elektrycznym zgodnie z normą PN-EN 61482
Statistics of electric hazards
For many years the Association of Polish Electricians is deeply involved in issues related to safe operation of electric and
electric power equipment and systems, including safety of both
professional personnel and regular users.
Jerzy Nowikow, Hubert Nowikow and Grzegorz Matusiak are with Hubix
ul. Główna 43 Huta Żabiowolska, 96-321 Żabia Wola, Poland
(e-mail: [email protected] , [email protected], [email protected]).
2)
Bogumił Dudek (e-mail: [email protected]).
1)
sierpień
2014
Operation safety of electric systems is not limited to the requirement to provide protection against electric shocks but must also
take account for overload and short fault currents, switching voltage surges of various nature or voltage fluctuations due to atmospheric discharges as well as numerous thermal effects. Efficiency
of protection against such phenomena depends on many factors,
including quality of electric system installation, applied protections
and the practice to use protective means and measures.
The mentioned efficiency of protection against electric
hazards can be measured by the number of fatalities due to
electric shocks and the number of fires caused by faults in
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installation of electric equipment and systems or improper
operation of the same.
Figures related to the number of fatalities due to electric
shocks and the number of fires in various building is Poland are collected, structured and analyzed by the Institute of Building Technologies (ITB) on the basis of information received annually from such
organizations as the Central Statistical Office (GUS), State Labour
Inspection (PIP) and the Headquarter of State Fire Brigades.
The completed analyzes demonstrate that the annual number
of fatalities due to electric shock per one million of people in Poland
dropped down from 9.5 over the years from 1980 to 1985 to 3.8 for
the time period 2000-2011 with the trend to further reduction during subsequent years. However, the number of fatalities associated
with electric shocks still remains in Poland by two or three times
higher than in other countries of European Union.
The statistics of fatalities at work caused by electric shocks
in Poland from 2001 to 2011 is outlined in the Table 1.
However, there are still too many such accidents and it is
indispensable to further eliminate them or mitigate their consequences, in particular with regard to professional personnel who
deal with operation of electric equipment.
Safety of equipment users is a separate category of activities where Polish representative of the Association of Polish
Electricians (SEP) are deeply involved in efforts of numerous international organizations, such as FISUEL [1]. The most recent
session of that organization that was held in Warsaw in November 2013 emphasized the need to carry out statistical analyzes
and to launch public campaigns to make people aware of the
risks associated with operation of electric equipment and to prevent from accidents among electric professionals [5],[6].
Use of preventive means and measures
intended to protect against thermal effect
of electric arc flash
Various Committees of the Association of Polish Electricians are concerned with safety of personnel employed at companies that deal with professional electric power engineering. For
such people various technical means are developed to enable
execution of jobs with live equipment, whilst training programs
for them benefit from achievements of behavioral psychology
and are in line with guidelines and manuals issued by Electric
Section of International Social Security Association (ISSA) that
collaborates with the Central Institute for Labour Protection – Na-
tional Research Institute (CIOP-PIB). It is expected that benefiting from the most advanced foreign experience shall enable
more efficient collaboration and bring together all electric professionals who are keen on activities for sake of common safety and
improvement of labour standards.
The safety measures intended to improve protection of personnel health and life were discussed during the ICOLIM’2011
conference in Croatia [2], [3], [4]. The paper [2] presented by Polish delegates covered also the issues of furnishing the professional personnel in Poland with protective means suitable for 1st
grade protection against thermal effects of thermal arc flash. Further efforts in improvement of those protective means brought
fruits in participation of a Polish representative in the editorial board that has prepared the second issue of the ISSA guideline [1]
devoted to examination of personal protective equipment of both
first and second class of protection and providing references to
corresponding American and European investigations.
Lack of personal protective equipment meeting requirements of the second protection grade and suitable for electric
professionals triggered many research studies and measurements that have led to development of a helmet that protects
both faces and heads of working personnel. The analysis covered several types of safeguarding shields and finally an option
was selected that meets criteria of thermal protection, which is
illustrated in attached pictures.
Development of requirements to helmets with regard to protection against thermal effect of thermal arc flash was directed by
the following standards:
• EN 397:2012 „Industrial safety helmets”
• EN 50365:2002 „Electrically insulating helmets for use on
low voltage installations”
• EN 166:2001 „Personal eye-protection – Specification”
• GS-ET-29:2011-05 „Supplementary requirements for the testing and certification of face shields for electrical works”.
The investigations were carried out for several types of face
shields that were subjected to tests according to requirements of
the GS-ET-29 code and included so called box test that for the
equipment of the second protection grade imposes the resistance to the impact of 423 kJ/m2 and immunity to the short fault current of 7 kA and duration of 0.5 sec. The plans for the 1st quarter
of 2014 foresee tests according to the American standard ASTM
F2178 with the aim to determine the Arc Thermal Performance
Value (ATPV) coefficient.
Hence, one can say that a helmet with a face shield that meets
requirements of the second protection grade is already available.
Fatalities at work caused by electric shocks in Poland from 2001 to 2011 [6]
Years
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
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Number of fatalities at work
caused by electric shocks
21
20
20
10
11
18
27
20
20
20
27
Percentage
of the total at work fatalities, %
3,8
3,4
3,5
1,8
2,0
3,5
3,3
3,3
3,3
3,3
3,3
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Table 1
Percentage of the total fatalities
associated with electric shocks, %
11,8
10,8
10,6
8,6
8,1
12,9
20,0
16,5
16,4
16,3
20,5
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Temperaturverlauf in K
Live working PPE – arc flash safety helmet; the results
Fig.1-6
25
20
15
3
10
6
5
54
0
21
S-1: ---
-5
S-4: Auge L
-10
-5
Fig.1. Box Test method
0
S-3: Kinn
S-2: ---
5
S-5: Auge R
10
15
S-6: Nase/Mund
20
25
30
35
Zeit in s
Temperaturverlauf in K
Fig. 4. The first helmet design for test of
resistance to electric arc (2 class) – result:
test was failed (readout from 4 calorimeters
should be below the Stoll curve)
Fig. 2. ATPV test method
25
20
15
3
10
6
5
54
0
21
S-1: ---
-5
S-4: Auge L
-10
-5
0
S-3: Kinn
S-2: ---
5
S-5: Auge R
10
15
S-6: Nase/Mund
20
Temperaturverlauf in K
25
20
15
10
3
5
6
54
21
0
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30
35
Zeit in s
Fig. 5. The second helmet design for test
of resistance to electric arc (2 class) changing cover the neck – result: test was
failed
Fig. 3. Differences in testing method ATPV and Box Test
Fig. 6. The third helmet design for test of resistance to
electric arc (2 class) – new design cover the neck – result:
test was passed
25
S-1: ---
-5
-10
-5
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S-4: Auge L
0
5
S-3: Kinn
S-2: --S-5: Auge R
10
15
S-6: Nase/Mund
20
25
30
35
Zeit in s
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References
[1] ISSA Guideline for the selection of personal protective equipment when expose to the thermal effects of an electric fault arc,
2nd Edition 2011
[2] Dudek B., Nowikow J., Skomudek W.: Complete arc flash personal protective equipment for electricians, X ICOLIM’2011 Zagreb, Croatia
[3] Ziehmer R., Rotter G.: PPE – Arc-fault-tested protective gloves,
X ICOLIM’2011 Zagreb, Croatia
[4] Schau H., Ehrhardt A.: Proving tripping safety and immunity
against malfunctions of the typical arc detection components
of a novel electric fault arc protective system, X ICOLIM’2011
Zagreb, Croatia
[5] Philips J., Frain M.: A European view of arc hazards and electrical safety
[6] Dudek B.: Increasing the safety of use of electrical installations,
FISUEL International Forum Warsaw, 28-29 November 2013
Sławomir Widlas,
Production Director MEGA-POL S.A.
Bogumił Dudek
PKBwE SEP - Poland
Concept of installation of cable
terminations on 110-400 kV live line poles
Koncepcja montażu pod napięciem
głowic kablowych końcowych na słupach
linii 110-400 kV
Introduction
Modernization and reconstruction projects of overhead
lines, ranging between 110 and 400 kV, are related to intensive
expansion of infrastructure in our country in recent years. It applies in particular to construction of roads, railroads, sports and
cultural facilities, including highways, sports stadiums, which
leads to installation of cables on various lengths of sections,
which frequently enter dense built-up areas of urban agglomerations. Expanded infrastructure, formal-legal regulations cause difficulties to acquire land for overhead lines. Therefore, despite
higher costs, projects involve installation of 110-400kV cable
lines more often than in the past [1],[6],[7]. The most frequent
projects involve construction of 110kV cable lines, which cost is
nearly twice as high as overhead lines. Installation of cable lines
requires high quality installation works, including terminations on
line poles and support structures of stations.
Sławomir Widlas is with MEGA-POL Bydgoszcz (e-mail: slawomir.widlas@
megapol.pl)
2)
Bogumił Dudek is with PSE Inwestycje S.A., 40-056 Katowice, Poland
(e-mail: [email protected]).
1)
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In order to avoid inconvenient outages, electrical companies conduct concept works in order to install heads on live
lines. These works are described in this report. It discusses the
principles of occupational safety and the risk involved in this
type of works.
What to build – overhead or cable lines?
At first glance, cable line looks better than overhead line.
However, collecting opinions about environmental impact of the
line is not that unequivocal. In addition, high cost of line construction plays an important role as well. It is reflected in the
cost of electricity, for which consumers want to pay as little as
possible. Equally important are formal and technical aspects
due to the growing density of infrastructure. Despite the fact
that the number of overhead lines will continue to dominate,
cable lines will be built more often. Their installation frequently
faces problems related to performance of works with uninterrupted power supply to consumers or cutting the time of outages to minimum. Without live-line working technology, effectiveness of these works would be very low.
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