Choroby korzeni buraka cukrowego

Transkrypt

Choroby korzeni buraka cukrowego
ݸ±®±¾§ µ±®¦»²· ¾«®¿µ¿ ½«µ®±©»¹±
Ü® Û©¿ Ó±´·-¦»©-µ¿
˲·©»®-§¬»¬ Ѱ±´-µ·
Æ¿µ±°¿²»ô îêóîéòðëò îððè ®ò
É «°®¿©¿½¸ ¾«®¿µ¿ ½«µ®±©»¹± µ¿ ¼»¹± ®±µ« °±¶¿©·¿¶ -· ½¸±®±¾§
µ±®¦»²·ò ɧ-¬ °«¶ ±²» ¦ ®- ²§³ ²¿-·´»²·»³ ¦¿´» ²·» ±¼ ´·½¦»¾²± ½· °±°«´¿½¶·
´·©± ½· ±¼³·¿²§ ¾«®¿µ¿ô ±¼
½¦§²²·µ-© ®±¼±©·-µ±©§½¸ -¦½¦»¹-´²·» ¬¿µ·½¸ ¶¿µ ©·´¹±¬²± · ¬»³°»®¿¬«®¿
¹´»¾§ ±®¿¦ ±¼ -°®¿©²± ½· µ±²¬®±´· ½¸±®-¾ © ´¿¬¿½¸ °±°®¦»¼²·½¸ · © ¾·» ½§³
-»¦±²·»ò
É «°®¿©·» ¾«®¿µ¿ ²¿¶©½¦» ²·»¶-¦» ¦¿¹®± »²·¿ ©·
-· ¦ °±®¿ »²·¿³·
-·»©»µò ײº»µ½¶» ³±¹ ¾§ ¼±µ±²§©¿²» °®¦»¦ ®- ²» ¹¿¬«²µ· ³·µ®±±®¹¿²·¦³-©
¹´»¾±©§½¸ò Æ¿´»
°«¶ ½»¶
²¿ ¼¿²§³ °±´«ò É ®-¼ ²¿¶½¦ ½·»¶ ©§-¬ °«¶ ½§½¸ ¹¿¬«²µ-© - ¹®¦§¾§ ¦ ®±¼¦¿¶«
Ú«-¿®·«³ò É ¦¿´» ²± ½· ±¼ -¬¿²±©·-µ¿ ¾ ¼ ¬± Úò ±¨§-°±®«³ô Úò -±´¿²·ô Úò
½»®»¿´·-ô Úò ½«´³±®«³ò
Ѿ±µ ²·½¸ ¦ °±®¿ ±²§½¸ -·»©»µ ·¦±´±©¿²» - ¹®¦§¾§ ¦ ®±¼¦¿¶« θ·¦±½¬±²·¿ ±®¿¦
·²²» ¹¿¬«²µ·ò É ±¾® ¾·» ¬»¹± ®±¼¦¿¶« ©§-¬ °«¶ ·¦±´¿¬§ -·´²·» °¿¬±¹»²·½¦²»
°±©±¼«¶
½¦²± ½·ò Ì» ±-¬¿¬²·»ô
°±³·³±ô » ²·» °±©±¼«¶ ²»µ®±¦ô ³±¹ ¾§ °®¦§½¦§² -°±©±´²·»²·¿ ©¦®±-¬«
®± ´·² ¾«®¿µ¿ò
Õ±´»¶²· -°®¿©½§ ¦¹±®¦»´· -·»©»µ ¬± ³·µ®±±®¹¿²·¦³§ ¦ ®±¼¦¿¶« Ч¬¸·«³ô ©
Ðò «´¬·³«³ · Ðò ·®®»¹«´¿®»ò בּ¹»²§ ¬» ¿¬¿µ«¶ ¦¿¦©§½¦¿¶ -·»©µ·
©» ©½¦»-²§½¸ º¿¦¿½¸ ®±¦©±¶±©§½¸ô °®¿©¼±°±¼±¾²·» ±¼°±©·»¼¦·¿´²» - ¦¿
©· µ-¦±
¦¹±®¦»´· °®¦»¼©-½¸±¼±©§½¸ò Ю»º»®«¶
-°®¦§¶¿ ·³ ¼« ¿ ©·´¹±¬²± ¹´»¾§ò ײ²§³ ¹¿¬«²µ·»³ô ± °±¼±¾²§³ -¬¿²±©·-µ«
-§-¬»³¿¬§½¦²§³ô ½± Ч¬¸·«³ -°°ò ¶»-¬ ß°¸¿²±³§½»- ½±½¸´·±·¼»-ò Ì»² ¹¿¬«²»µ
·²¬»²-§©²·»¶ °±®¿
Ѿ¶¿©§ ¦¹±®¦»´· -·»©»µ - ²·»³¿´ © µ¿ ¼§³ °®¦§°¿¼µ« ¬¿µ·» -¿³»ô ¬¶ò
½· ´«¾
¬§´µ± ²¿ ½¦ ½·ò ßò ½±½¸´·±·¼»- ¼±°®±©¿¼¦¿ ¼± ½¸¿®¿µ¬»®§-¬§½¦²»¹± °®¦»© »²·¿
· ¬¦©ò ²·¬µ±©¿¬± ½· µ±®¦»²·¿ò
Ò·» ¶»-¬ ³± ´·©» ¶»¼²±¦²¿½¦²» ±µ®» ´»²·» -°®¿©½§ °±®¿ »²·¿ -·»©»µ ²¿
©§³·»²·±²» °¿¬±¹»²§ ½¦ -¬±
©§-¬ °«¶ © ¦»-°±´»ò
ͦ½¦»¹-´²» ²·»¾»¦°·»½¦» -¬©± ²¿ °´¿²¬¿½¶¿½¸ ¾«®¿µ¿ ½«µ®±©»¹± -¬¿²±©·
ßò ½±½¸´·±·¼»±² °±¦²¿ ¶¿µ± °¿¬±¹»² -·»©»µò Ó± »
±² °±®¿ ¿ ¾«®¿µ· ©» ©-¦§-¬µ·½¸ º¿¦¿½¸ ®±¦©±¶±©§½¸ò ɧ-¬ °·»²·» °±®¿ »²·¿
°®¦»¦ ¬»¹± °¿¬±¹»²¿ ¶»-¬ ½· ´» «¦¿´» ²·±²» ±¼ ©¿®«²µ-© °±¹±¼±©§½¸ò Ö»¹±
®±¦©±¶±©· -°®¦§¶¿¶ ©§-±µ·» ¬»³°»®¿¬«®§ ø±°¬§³¿´²·» îëpÝ÷ · ±¾º·¬» ±°¿¼§ò
Æ¿¦©§½¦¿¶ °¿¬±¹»² ¬»² ¶»-¬ ±¾»½²§ ²¿ °±´¿½¸ô ²¿ µ¬-®§½¸ «°®¿©·¿²± ¾«®¿µ·ò
α ´·²§ °±®¿ ¿²» ©» ©½¦»-²§½¸ º¿¦¿½¸ ®±¦©±¶±©§½¸ ³±¹ °®¦»¬®©¿ ·²º»µ½¶ ò
ɬ»¼§ ²¿ °±©·»®¦½¸²· µ±®¦»²· °±®¿ »²·« °®¦»¦ ßò ½±½¸´·±·¼»- -°®¦§¶¿¶
°®±³·»²·±©½» ¹´»¾±©» øÍ¬®»°¬±³§½»- -°°÷ Š -°®¿©½-© °¿®½¸¿ ¾«®¿µ¿ò
Ò·»¾»¦°·»½¦» -¬©± °±¶¿©·¿ -· © ½¸©·´· ©§-¬ °·»²·¿ ©¿®«²µ-© °±¹±¼±©§½¸
-°®¦§¶¿¶ ½§½¸ ®±¦©±¶±©· ßò ½±½¸´·±·¼»-ò ×-¬²·»¶» ¼±¼¿¬²·¿ µ±®»´¿½¶¿ °±³· ¼¦§
µ±®¦»²· ¿ ±-¬¿¬»½¦²§³ ¾·´¿²-»³ «-¦µ±¼¦»
ßò ½±½¸´·±·¼»-ò É ¦¿´» ²± ½· ±¼ ¼±-¬ °« ©·´¹±¬²± ½· ©
¹´»¾·» ²¿-·´»²·» ±¾¶¿©-© ½¸±®±¾±©§½¸ · °±®¿ » ©§-¬ °«¶» © ´·°½« ´«¾ -·»®°²·«ò
б®¿ »²·±³ µ±®¦»²· °®¦»¦ ßò ½±½¸´·±·¼»- ½¦ -¬± ¬±©¿®¦§-¦ Ч¬¸·«³ -°°ò
É ½¸©·´· ±¾»½²»¶ ²·» ¦²¿¶¼¦·»³§ © °±´-µ·½¸ °±¼® ½¦²·µ¿½¸ ·²º±®³¿½¶· ±
ßò ½±½¸´·±·¼»- ²¿ ©§®± ²· ¬§½¸ µ±®¦»²·¿½¸ ¾«®¿µ-©ò Ѿ¶¿©§ ¬¿µ·»ô ¶¿µ·»
ò Ö»¼²¿µ © ©·»¬´»
±-¬¿¬²·½¸ ¾¿¼¿ °¿®½¸ °¿-±©§ ø°·»® ½·»²·±©§÷ ²·» -¬¿²±©· ¦¿¹®± »²·¿ ¬¿µ·»¹±ô
¶¿µ·» °®¦»¼-¬¿©·±²± © °±¼® ½¦²·µ¿½¸ò ݸ±®±¾
°®±³·»²·±©½»ò
Ю±³·»²·±©½» ²·» - ¦²¿²» ¶¿µ± -°®¿©½§ ¦¹²·´·¦²ô ¶»¼²¿µ ³±¹
·²º»µ½¶» ·²²§³ °¿¬±¹»²±³ò
ßò ½±½¸´·±·¼»- ¶»-¬ ¼±
¬®«¼²§ ¼± ©§·¦±´±©¿²·¿ ¦ ¹²·¶ ½§½¸ ¬µ¿²»µô
²·»¶ ©¦³·¿²»µ ± ²·³ ¶¿µ± ±
-°®¿©½§ ¹²·½·¿ µ±®¦»²·ò Ѿ¶¿©§ °±®¿ »²·¿ °®¦»¦ ¬»¹± °¿¬±¹»²¿ ³±¹ ¾§
®- ²±®±¼²» © ¦¿´» ²± ½· ±¼ º¿¦§ ®±¦©±¶±©»¶ ¾«®¿µ¿ ø¬»®³·²« ·²º»µ½¶·÷ô
·²¼§©·¼«¿´²»¶ ±¼°±®²± ½· ®± ´·²§ ±®¿¦ ©¿®«²µ-© ®±¼±©·-µ±©§½¸ò Ó± »³§ô
©· ½ ±¾-»®©±©¿ ¦¹±®¦»´ -·»©»µô ±®¿¦ °®¦»© »²·¿ ²¿ µ±®¦»²·¿½¸ -¬¿®-¦§½¸
®± ´·² °®±©¿¼¦ ½» ¼± ±¼»®©¿²·¿ ®±¦»¬§ ´· ½·±©»¶ ±¼ µ±®¦»²·¿ò Ò¿ -¬¿®-¦§½¸
µ±®¦»²·¿½¸ ©·¼±½¦²» ³±¹ ¾§ ¬»
¼ ½» ´¿¼¿³· °±
©½¦» ²·»¶-¦§½¸ ·²º»µ½¶¿½¸ò Ð- ²·»¶ ©·¼±½¦²» ¾ ¼ ¦¿¸¿³±©¿²·» ©¦®±-¬« ±®¿¦
°®¦»© »²·¿ µ±®¦»²·¿ ¦´±µ¿´·¦±©¿²» °±²·
-¬± ±¾»¶³«¶ ½» °¿-»³
±¾©-¼ µ±®¦»²·¿ò Ó±¹ ¬± ¬» ¾§
²·»²·¿ °±µ®§¬» ¬µ¿²µ µ±®µ±©
´«¾ © ±¾® ¾·» ¬µ¿²µ· ³± » ¾§ ±¾-»®©±©¿²¿ ¦¹²·´·¦²¿ ±¼ ¶¿-²±¾® ¦±©»¶ ¼±
½·»³²±¾® ¦±©»¶ò α ´·²§ ¦ ¬¿µ «-¦µ±¼¦±²§³· µ±®¦»²·¿³· ³±¹ ©§µ¿¦§©¿
-§³°¬±³§ ©· ¼²·
É «°®¿©¿½¸ ¾«®¿µ¿ ²¿¶°±©-¦»½¸²·»¶ ©§-¬ °«¶ «-¦µ±¼¦»²·¿ ±µ®» ´¿²»
¶¿µ± °¿®½¸ò Ó±¹ ±²» °®¦§¶³±©¿ °±-¬¿ °¿--© ´«¾ °´¿³ ²¿ °±©·»®¦½¸²·
µ±®¦»²·ò
Ò¿ ©§®± ²· ¬§½¸ µ±®¦»²·¿½¸ ¾«®¿µ¿ ½«µ®±©»¹± ³± » ©§-¬ °· ¦¹²·´·¦²¿
θ·¦±½¬±²·¿ -±´¿²·ò Ѿ¶¿©§ ±¾»¶³«¶
½·» ·
©· ¼²· ½·» ®± ´·² ±®¿¦ ¹²·½·» ¬µ¿²»µ µ±®¦»²·ò д¿³§ ¹²·´²» ³±¹ ¾§ ®±¦®¦«½±²»
°± °±©·»®¦½¸²· ´«¾ ¦¹²·´·¦²¿ ³± » ±¾»¶³±©¿
ò É Ð±´-½» ²·»
¹»²¿ò Þ¿¼¿²·¿ °®±©¿¼¦±²»
²¿ ˲·©»®-§¬»½·» Ѱ±´-µ·³ °±¬©·»®¼¦¿¶ ¶»¼²¿µô » © ²¿-¦§½¸ ©¿®«²µ¿½¸
©§-¬ °«¶ ·¦±´¿¬§ °±¼±¾²» ¼± ¬§½¸ô µ¬-®» - ¦²¿²» ¦ «°®¿© © Û«®±°·»
Æ¿½¸±¼²·»¶ò É ±-¬¿¬²·½¸ ´¿¬¿½¸ ¬¿ ¹®«°¿ °¿¬±¹»²-© ½¦ ½·»¶ °®¦§½¦§²·¿ -· ¼±
°±®¿ » -·»©»µ ²· ©§®± ²· ¬§½¸ µ±®¦»²· ¾«®¿µ¿ò
É îððê ®±µ« ²¿ °´¿²¬¿½¶¿½¸ ¾«®¿µ¿ ½«µ®±©»¹± ©§-¬
°®¦§½¦§²
θ·¦±°«- ¿®®¸·¦«-ò Ö»-¬ ¬± ¹®¦§¾ ©§-¬ °«¶ ½§ °±©-¦»½¸²·» ©
½·©±
¿½§ ¦ º·®³ ÕÉÍò
©§²·µ·»³ -°´±¬«
-°®¦§¶¿¶ ½§½¸ ¬»³« ¹¿¬«²µ±©· ©¿®«²µ-© ¬¿µ·½¸ ¶¿µæ ¾¿®¼¦± ´·½¦²» © »®§
°±©±¼±©¿²» °®¦»¦ ±©¿¼§ -¬¿²±©· ½» ©®±¬¿ ©²·µ¿²·¿ ¹®¦§¾²·ô -«-¦¿
°±©±¼«¶ ½¿ -¬®»- ®± ´·² ±®¿¦ ©§-±µ¿ ¬»³°»®¿¬«®¿ -°®¦§¶¿¶ ½¿ ©¦®±-¬±©· ¹®¦§¾²·ò
Þ®¿µ ²¿©»¬ ¶»¼²»¹± ¦ °±©§ -¦§½¸ ½¦§²²·µ-© ³± » ²·» ¼±°« ½· ¼± ®±¦©±¶«
¦¹²·´·¦²§ò Ù²·½·» °±©±¼±©¿²» °®¦»¦ Îò ¿®®¸·¦«- °±½¦ ¬µ±©± ³± »
°®¦§°±³·²¿ -§³°¬±³§ °±®¿ »²·¿ °®¦»¦ θ·¦±½¬±²·¿ -±´¿²·ô ¶»¼²¿µ © ¬¿µ·³
-·
°«-¦§-¬ ¹®¦§¾²· ±®¿¦
©§¼¦·»´¿¶ ¼»´·µ¿¬²§ ¦¿°¿½¸ »¬¿²±´« ´«¾ ¿½»¬±²«ò ̵¿²µ¿ µ±®¦»²·¿ °®¦§¶³«¶»
¾¿®© ±¼ ¾® ¦±©»¶ ¼± °±°·»´¿¬»¶ô ²¿ °®¦»µ®±¶« ©·¼±½¦²» - ´·²·» ©· ¦»µ
°®¦»©±¼¦ ½§½¸ò
Ú«¦¿®·±¦§ µ±®¦»²· ¾«®¿µ-© ²·» - © б´-½» °±©-¦»½¸²·» ²±¬±©¿²»ò Þ®¿µ
¼±²·»-·» ± ©§-¬ °±©¿²·« ¬§°±©§½¸ -§³°¬±³-© ½¸±®±¾§ô ¶»¼²¿µ ¦ °±®¿ ±²§½¸
µ±®¦»²· ½¦ -¬± - ·¦±´±©¿²· °®¦»¼-¬¿©·½·»´» ®±¼¦¿¶« Ú«-¿®·«³ò ̧°±©» ±¾¶¿©§
º«¦¿®·±¦§ ¬±
½·» ´· ½· · ©· ¼²· ½·» ®± ´·²ò É ±¾® ¾·» µ±®¦»²· ²±¬±©¿²» -½¦»®²·»²·» ©· ¦»µ °®¦»©±¼¦ ½§½¸ ±®¿¦ °´¿³§ ¹²·´²» ¬µ¿²µ· -°·½¸®¦±©»¶ò É
¬®¿µ½·» °®±©¿¼¦±²§½¸ ±¼ µ·´µ« ´¿¬ ¾¿¼¿ ¬»² ®±¼¦¿¶ °±®¿ »
²±¬±©¿²§ -°±®¿¼§½¦²·»ò
θ·¦±³¿²·¿ ¶»-¬ ½¸±®±¾ ©·®«-±© ô µ¬-®»¶ © ±-¬¿¬²·½¸ ´¿¬¿½¸ °± ©· ½¿
-· ¼« ± «©¿¹·ò Ö»-¬ ¬± ½¸±®±¾¿ °±©±¼±©¿²¿ °®¦»¦ ÞÒÇÊÊ ø©·®«²»µ®±¦§ ²»®©-©÷ò É·®«- ¬»² ¶»-¬ °®¦»²±-¦±²§ °®¦»¦ б´§³§¨¿ ¾»¬¿» ¦ ®¦ ¼«
д¿-³±¼·±°¸±®¿´»-ò Ѿ¶¿©§ ½¸±®±¾§ ©·¼±½¦²» - ¦¿®-©²± ²¿ ´· ½·¿½¸ ¶¿µ · ²¿
µ±®¦»²·«ò Ô· ½·» ®± ´·² ¦¿·²º»µ±©¿²§½¸ ©§µ¿¦«¶ °®¦»¶¿ ²·»²·¿ © ±¾® ¾·»
©· ¦»µ °®¦»©±¼¦ ½§½¸ô µ±®¦»²·» - ²·» ©§®± ²· ¬»ô ¦ ¾±¹¿¬± ®±¦©·²· ¬§³
° µ·»³ ¼®±¾²§½¸ µ±®¦»²· ¦©¿²§½¸ œ¾®±¼ µ±®¦»²·±© Œò
Æ©¿´½¦¿²·» ½¸±®-¾ µ±®¦»²· °±©±¼±©¿²§½¸ °®¦»¦ °¿¬±¹»²§ ¹´»¾±©» ¶»-¬
¬®«¼²»ò Ú«²¹·½§¼§ ¦¿©¿®¬» © ±¬±½¦½» ²¿-·»²²»¶ ²·» ¼¿¶
-·»©µ±³ò ܱ
²§½¸ ±¼³·¿² ¾«®¿µ¿
°±µ¿¦«¶ ô » °´¿³§ ¦¹±®¦»´±©» °±¶¿©·¿¶ -· © -µ®¿¶²§½¸ °®¦§°¿¼µ¿½¸ ²¿©»¬
²¿ íðóìðû -·»©»µò Ò·» µ¿ ¼¿ ¦ ¬§½¸ °´¿³ ¾ ¼¦·» °±©±¼»³ ¦¿³¿®½·¿ ®± ´·²§ô
¶»¼²¿µ µ¿ ¼¿ ¦ ²·½¸ ³± » -¬¿²±©· °±¬»²½¶¿´² °®¦§½¦§² °- ²·»¶-¦»¹± ®±¦©±¶«
½¸±®±¾§ ´«¾ ©®±¬¿ ¼´¿ µ±´»¶²§½¸ ·²º»µ½¶·ô ³± » ¬¿µ » ¾§ °±©±¼»³ ±°- ²·» ©
®±¦©±¶« ®± ´·²§ò ܱ ©·¿¼½¦»²·¿ ©§µ¿¦«¶ ô · º«²¹·½§¼§ ¦ ±¬±½¦µ· ²¿-·»²²»¶
½¸®±²· ®± ´·²§ °®¦»¦ ±µò íóì ¬§¹±¼²·» ±¼ -·»©«ô °±¬»³ ³± ´·©± ½· ±¾®±²²»ò Ì» ¦¿ ©¦®¿-¬¿¶ ©®¿¦ ¦ ©·»µ·»³ò
Ó± ´·©± ½· -¬»®±©¿²·¿ -¬¿²»³ º·¬±-¿²·¬¿®²§³ ¹´»¾§ ¬µ©· © ¼±¾±®¦»
´¿²¬¿½¶
¦
«©¦¹´ ¼²·»²·»³ ¸·-¬±®·· «°®¿© °±´±©§½¸ô °®¦»°®±©¿¼¦»²·« ©-¬ °²»¹± ¾¿¼¿²·¿
¹´»¾§ò Þ¿¼¿²·» ³·µ±´±¹·½¦²» ¹´»¾§ °±¦©±´· ²¿ ±µ®» ´»²·» ¦¿¹®± »²·¿ °®¦»¦
°¿¬±¹»²§ ¹´»¾±©»ô ¶»¼²¿µ ²¿´» § ¶» ©§µ±²¿ ¦ ¼« §³ ©§°®¦»¼¦»²·»³ ¦»
©¦¹´
¬»¶ ³»¬±¼§ò б³±½²» ³±¹ ¾§ ©
¬¿µ·»¶ -§¬«¿½¶· ²±©±½¦»-²» ³»¬±¼§ ±°¿®¬» ± ¬»½¸²·µ· ³±´»µ«´¿®²»ô ¬» ¶»¼²¿µ ¶»-¦½¦» ²¿¼¿´ µ±-¦¬±©²»ò л©²§³ ²¿®¦ ¼¦·»³ -¬»®±©¿²·¿ ¶¿µ± ½· œ¦¼®±©±¬² Œ
¹´»¾§ ³± » ¬» ¾§ ±¼°±©·»¼²· ¼±¾-® ²¿©± »²·¿ô ¶»¼²¿µ © ¬»¶ µ©»-¬·· ¾®¿µ ¶»-¬
¦¿ °®¿µ¬§½¦²§½¸ò
Ú±¬ò ïò п-§ °¿®½¸¿ øº±¬ò Ûò Ó±´·-¦»©-µ¿÷
Ú±¬ò îò д¿³§ °¿®½¸¿ øº±¬ò Ûò Ó±´·-¦»©-µ¿÷
Ú±¬ò íò Ù²·½·» -°±©±¼±©¿²» °®¦»¦ ß°¸¿²±³§½»- ½±½¸´·±·¼»- øº±¬ò Ûò
Ó±´·-¦»©-µ¿ · Óò ͵©·»®¦÷
Ú±¬ò ìò Ë-¦µ±¼¦»²·¿ -°±©±¼±©¿²» °®¦»¦ ßò ½±½¸´·±·¼»- øº±¬ò Ûò Ó±´·-¦»©-µ¿ ·
Óò ͵©·»®¦÷
Ú±¬ò ë ò Ù²·½·» -°±©±¼±©¿²» °®¦»¦ θ·¦±°«- ¿®®¸·¦«- øº±¬ò Ûò Ó±´·-¦»©-µ¿÷