Full text - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

Full text - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

ACT
P
A
AL
V ol. 27
A
EON
T
0
LOG
I
C A
POLONICA
1982
No . 1-4
MARTA WAKSMUNDZKA
LOWER CRETACEOUS MEGASPORES FROM NORTHERN POLAND
WAKSMUNDZKA , M. : Lowe r Creta ceous megas po res from north ern Poland . A c ta
P al aeont. Polonica , 27 , 1-4, 147-156, 1982 . Is sued J anuary 1983.
Described are e ig h t megaspore s pe cies from the Lower Creta ceous se d im e n t s of
northern Poland, among them one n ew combination. The d escribe d t a xa repres ent
g enera : Mlnerisporit es, Arcel!ltes, Hugh e si sporite s, Erlansonisporit es, V errutril et e s
and Tril eit es (Trilete s) . The m ega spore w an morphology h as be en exa m ined in
SEM.
Key w
0
r d s:
m egaspores , w an morphology, Lower Cr etaceous, Poland.
Marta W aksmun dzka , lnstytut G eolo g i czn y , Za klad stra tygraji!, T e k t onik i i P" leog eC1graj li, ul. Ra kowi ecka 4, 00-975 War sza wa . R e ceived: Decembe r 1981.
INTRODUCTION
The material studied comes from the following boreholes drilled by the
Geological Institute in Pomerania (Northern Poland): Czluch6w IG-2,
Klosnowo IG-1 and Tuchola IG-1 (fig. 1).
The age of rocks (siltstones, claystones and sandstones ; fig. 2) containing megaspores has been estimated as Valanginian-Hauterivian (Dembowska 1973, Ryll et al. 1977, Szyperko-Sliwczynska et al. 1977). Th e megaspores have been here classified according to the artificial systematics by
Potonie (1956).
The collection is stored in the Museum of the Geological Institute,
Warszawa (abbreviated as IG). SEM micrographs have been taken in the
Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biolog y, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa.
Acknowledgements. - Thanks are due to Lidia Jakubowska (Geological Institute,
Warszawa) for useful di scu ssion and help in redaction of this paper.
I am especially indebted to Halina Majchrzak (Geological Institute) for m ak ing
available the material for st udy, all micrographs a nd prelimin ary taxon om ic determi nations.
10'
148
MARTA WAKSMUNDZKA
Fig.!. Location of profiles with megaspores.
DESCRIPTION
Anteturma Proximegerminantes Potonie, 1970
Turma Triletes-Azonales (Reinsch, 1881) Potonie, 1970
Subturma Azonotriletes Luber, 1935
Infraturma Laevigati-Quasilaevigati (Bennie et Kidston, 1886) Potonie,
1970
Genus Tril eites (Erdtmann 1945, 1947) Potonie, 1956
Trileites spurius (Dijkstra) Potonie, 1956
(pI. 51: 1)
1951. Tr iletes spurius Dijkstra : 9, p I. 2: 20.
1956. Trileite s (Trilete s) spu r i u s (Dijk stra) P otonie; Potonie : 23.
Material. - Two sp eci m ens (IG MW 2/1, 2), good st ate of preservation ; Czluch6w
IG -2 , depth 1199,4-1206,4 m .
Dimensions :
megaspore diameter
900--975 ~m
length of Y-rays
2/3 R
50--52 urn
w idth of Y-rays
Description. - Equatorial outline oval. Y-rays cylindrical, contact faces separated from the remaining part of spore by outlined arcuate lines. Granulations on
exine sur fa ce vi sible under SEM.
149
L. CR ETACEOUS MEGASP O RES
:ti ~
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en
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MEGASPORES
s
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PROFILE
INTERVALS
WITH MEGASPORES
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en
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(/)
Czluchow IG.2
--- - - -
11991t
1201' /;.)
_·
~-- - ~-- - ~-.- -
I-IAUT
'
.
--..
'.
.
. .,
fv1. VAL
. ...
. ..
12061+ . . . . : : ' . . .
..........
+
- .."..... -"""
"
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
1::" :,:.:'./;1 -sandstone
1=-=- j- c/aystone
Klosnowo IG.1
B4R-fv1.
1083.0 " : " :' -: :'''::-' :''''. ' : :' ---- APT
~
~<~~~~~)}
I-IAUT
-- -- 1002.0 \::.:/ :..) \ ..:...:;-.; M.VAL
10895 - - - - -
H:::'- .::: l-mudstone
~
+ +
Ji5
+ +
~
89!3.5
or- ":7, .....;-. .
. . ...c-,
'.-=:
~..,..~~..,..
...,... . ::~
. , '
. ..
' .
960
:-. '
.
-=. M.VAL
- -
~920
~923
Tuchola IG.1
893.°mJ
·>.~·· : ·~:·:~··· -- -896.0 - ==- ::-~ U.f--IAUT
1:::- ~ -:::
C£ .
+
+
1-mudstone
claystone
+
_ samplig
F -
+
+
. ' .'
.... - -
Fi g. 2. Fragments of profil es wi th megaspor es.
depths
carbonized
flora
150
MARTA WAKSMUNDZKA
Rem ark s. - A ll the sp or es st ud ied differ from the h olotype described by Dijkstra
(1951): p I. 9) in n arrower tr ilete mark.
Occu r re n ce. - Poland: Lo wer Creta ce ou s (Czluchow). H olland: Weald.
Bo t anical affinity . - Unknown.
Infraturma Apiculati (Bennie et K idston, 1886) Potonie, 1956
Genus V errutriletes (Vander Hammen, 1954) Potonie, 1956
Verrutril etes im itatus (Dijkstra) comb. nov.
(pl. 48: 1a-d, 2)
1959. 'rruete s i m i t at u s Dijkstra : 12, pI. 1. Ia , 1b, 2.
Mat er i aL - F our speci m ens (IG MW 2/3-6), good state of preservation ; Czlucho w IG-2, depth 1199.4-1201 m, Tuch ola IG -1 , depth 945.0-960 m.
Dimension s :
megaspo re di a meter
625-746 urn
len gt h of Y -ra y s
R
w idth of Y -rays
30 um
ver r u ca e diameter
25-30 urn
D escript ion. - Equatorial outline ov a l. Y- r ays in form of convex li stes. Arcuate
r idges delicately outlined. Exine or namen te d over the whole su rface except the
contact a r ea s. Ornamentation particularly well v isible in SEM in form of reddishbrown, shi ni n g v erruca e ir r egu la r ly spaced (scattered) on the megaspore surface.
Exine su rfa ce granular.
Remar k s. - Characterist ic verrucate or namen tat ion allows to include the mega spo res in question into the genus V errut rH ete s proposed by Potonie (1956). These
forms ar e co mp a r a ble t o V. carbunculus (Dijkstra) Potonie but differ from the latter
in be ing le ss spherical and showin g sur f a ce covered more regularly with verrucae.
Marcinkiewicz 's (1979) opinion of the v er ruca e a s "f un gi -li k e structures" will be
discussed sep ar a tely.
Occurrence. - Poland: Lower Cretaceous (Tuchola , Czluch6w). Holland : Weald.
Botanical affi n ity . - According to Potonie (1967) the spores classified to VerrutrH ete s a r e com p a rab le t o mega sp ores classifi ed t o I soete s.
V errutriletes guttatus Marcinkiewicz, 1971
(pl . 49: 1abd)
1971. Ve rTUt r Het es guttatus Marcinkiewic z: 33, pl. 5: 4-8; pl . 6: 1-6.
MateriaL - Two spec im ens (IG MW 217, 8), one well preserved and one damaged ;
Czluch6w IG-2, depth 1199'. 4-1206.4 m , Klosnowo IG-1 , depth 1083-1089.5 m.
Dimension s:
490 urn
m egasp or e d ia m eter
2/3 R
length of Y-ray s
wid t h of Y-rays
30 urn
6-60 urn
v er r u ca e diameter
D escr iption . - See Marcinkiewicz (1971: 33).
Remark s. - The specimen st u d ied sh ow s verrucae of m aximum diameter concen t rated in r ad ial part of equatorial zon e w he r eas on t he specim en s described b y
Marcinkiewicz (1971) verrucae of m aximum diameter a r e sca tter ed over the entire
su r fa ce of mega sp ore. V. guttatus d iffers fro m V. i mit atus in m ore triangular equa-
L.
CR ETACEOUS M E G ASPOR ES
151
t or ia l ou tli n e of sp or e an d di stinct differentiation of v er r ucae d iameter. See a lso
remarks on V. imi tatus.
Occurrence. - P ol and : Low er Cretaceou s (Cztuc how, Tuch ola); Lo wer Rhaetian
(P oli sh Lowlands).
Bo t anical affin it y . - See b ot anical a ff in ity of V. i m i t at us .
Infraturma Murornati Potonie et Kremp, 1954
Genus Erlansonisporites Potonie, 1956
Erlansonisporites sparassis (Murray) Potonie, 1956
(pl . 51: 2ab , 3abc)
1939.
1956.
1961.
1980.
T ril ete s spara ssi s Murray : 480, 483, fig. 3.
Erlanson i sporite s sparassis (Murray) Potonie; P ot on ie : 47.
Tr iletes sparassi s Murray; H arris: 57, pI. 18: A-D.
Erlan son i spori t es sparassi s (Murray) P otonie ; Marcinkiewic z: 85, pI. 20: 4, 5,
pI. 21: 7.
Material. - Ten specimens (IG MW 2/9-18, good preservation st a te; Czluch6w
IG-2, depth 1199.4-1206.4 m, Klosnowo IG-1 , depth 1083-1089.5 m .
D imensions :
470-600 urn
megaspore diameter
2/3 R
length of Y -rays
height of lamellae on proximal
50-51 urn
side
height of lamellae on di st al
28-30 urn
side
30-60 urn
width of lumina
8-10 urn
width of muri
De scriptio n. - See Harri s (1961: 57).
Remarks. - I agree with Harris (1961) that morphologic differentiation of the
species in question (pI. 51: 2ab , 3abc) is a result of maceration process which may
ca us e soft eni n g, sw elli n g or distension of lamellae of reticulum a n d of the entire
megasp ore.
Occurrence. - P oland : Pliensbachian-Bajocian (Polish Lowlands); Bathonian
(Gr ojec); Lower Cretaceous (Czluch6w, Klosnowo) . England : Aalenian-Bathonian.
Bornholm : Middle Jura ssic. GDR: Lower To arcian. US A: Aptian, Middle Albian.
Botanical affinity. - According to H arris (1961) frequency of tetrads in sediments
investigated by hi m suggests associa tio n of Erlansonisporites wit h the genus Selaginella.
Subturma Lagenotriletes Potonie et Kremp, 1954
Infraturma Trifoliati, Barbati Potonie, 1970
Genus Hughesisporites Potonie, 1956
Hughesisporites galericulatus (Dijkstra) Potonie, 1956
(pI. 51: 4abc)
1951. Tr iietes galericulatus; Dijkstra: 14, pI. 2: 16; pI. 3: 5.
1956. Hughesisporites galericulatus (Dijkstra) Potonie; Potonie : 71, pI. 9: 92, 93.
1959. Triletes galericulatus Dijkstra; Dijkstra : 13, pI. 1: 7, 8.
152
MARTA WAKSMUNDZKA
Material. - One specimen (lG MW 2/383), good sta t e of preservation ; Czluch6w
IG-2, depth 1194.5-1199.4 m .
Dimensions:
megaspore di ameter
310 urn
length of Y-rays
R
height of Y-rays
20 urn
w idth of Y -rays
30 urn
length of spines near Y m ark
up to 100 urn
width of spines (at base)
near Y mark
up to 20 urn
Description. - Equatorial outline of spore triangular-oval. Y -rays convex. Outline of arcuate ridges invisible. Exine on di stal surface smooth but on proximal
surface ornamented in places . Sculpture elements occur in the central part of sp or e
in interradial zone and are developed in form of spines. Spine bases (see pI. 51:
4b, c) are either isolated one from another or fu sed, top are, however, always isolated, oriented toward the spore axi s.
Remarks. - H. galericulatus has been cla ssifi e d to the Lagenicula group (Dijkstra
1951), the latter being characterized by the presence of gula. This classification h a s
been questioned by Hughes (1955), who has n oticed that some sp in es making
the so- ca lled gula are isolated one from another. The observations were done both
on hi s own specimens and on those described previously by Dijkstra (1951). Potonie
(1970) h as classified H. galericulatus to the infraturma Trifoliati, Barbati. The
opinions of Hughes and Potonie are confirmed by data obtained by the present author.
Scanning electron microscope images sho w clea r ly that the ornamentation elements
in form of spines ar e always isolated in the upper part which excludes the possibility
of existence of gula,
Occurrence. - Poland : Lower Cretaceous (Czluch6w). Holland: We ald.
Botanical affinity. - Unknown.
Subturma: Pyrobolotriletes Potonie, 1956
Genus : Arcellites (Miner, 1935) Ellis and Tschudy, 1964
Arcellites pyriformis (Dijkstra) Potter, 1963
(pI. 49: 2ab)
1951. Triletes pyriformis Dijkstra: 14, pI. 2: 9.
1955. Pyrobolospora pyriformis (Dijkstra) Hughes: 209, pI. 11: 1, 2.
1963. Arcellites pyriformis (Dijkstra) Potter: 228.
Material. - Four specim en s (IG MW 2/19-22), good state of preservation ; Czluch6w IG-2, depth 1194.5-1199.4 m ; 1199.4--1206.4 m; Tuchola IG-l , depth 945-960 m.
Dimensions:
total megaspore lengths
650 700 700 750 urn
he ight of gula
350 350 225 250 urn
500 490 625 590 urn
megaspore width
diameter of appendages
20-50 urn
Description. - See Hughes (1955: 209).
Occurrence. - Poland : Lower Cretaceous (Czlu ch 6w , Tuchola). England : Weald.
Holland : Weald.
Botanical affinity. - According to Hughes (1955) the genus Arcellites is associated
w ith a group of aquatic ferns which is proved by the existence of appendages on
the surface. According to Singh (1964) the affinity of ArceHites to aquatic ferns
L. CRETACEOUS MEGASPORES
153
(Salviniales or Marsiliales) is proved by location of Y mark under the gula appendages and large qu antity of hollow appen da ges on the megaspore surface which
enabled its buoyancy. Tschudy (1976) classifies this genus within the family Marsiliacea e.
Turma: Triletes-Zonales (Bennie et Kidston, 1886 von Ibrahim) Potonie,
1970
Subturma: Zonotriletes Waltz, 1935
Infraturma: Zonati Potonie et Kremp, 1954
Genus: Minerisporites Potonie, 1956
Minerisporites marginatus (Dijkstra) Potonie, 1956
(pl. 50: 1abcd)
1951. Triletes marginatus Dijkstra: 13, pl. 3: 11.
1956. M inerisporites marginatus (Dijkstra) Potonie: 68.
cr. Minerisporites marginatus (Dijkstra) Potonie: Batten: 343, pl . 65: 9-20; pl.
1969.
66: 1-4; pl . 67: 11, 12.
1971. Minerisporites marginatus (Dijkstra) Potonie; Singh: 219, pl. 37: 9.
Material. - 355 specim en s (lG MW 2/23-378), good state of preservation; Czluchow IG-2, depth 1199.4---1206.4 m, Klo snowo IG-l, depth 1083-1089.5 m .
Dimensions:
megaspore d iameter
175-350 11m
length of Y-rays
R
he ight of Y-rays
5-10 11m
width of equatorial zone
40-60 11m
6-10 11m
width of lumina of reticulum
he ight of spin es form ing at crossings
of reticulum ridges
2-4 11m
Description. - See Batten (1969: 343). Perforation of exine, walls of reticulum
and of spi nes located at junction points of the particular reticulum r idges are clearly
obser va ble in scanning electron microscope (pl. 50: Id).
Remarks. - The megaspore decribed differs from M. richardsoni in more oval
shape, lack of auriculae in radial region of equatorial zone and less distinct ornamentation near Y-mark.
This species was first sta ted in the Lower Cretaceous of Polish Lowlands by
Mamczar (in press).
Occurrence. - Poland: Lower Cretaceous (Czluch6w, Klosnowo), England : Weald.
Holland: Weald; Southern Australia: Weald. USA: Aptian, Middle Albian.
Botanical affinity. - According to Singh (1964) there is an affinity between all
the species representing the genus Minerisporites and the family Selaginellaceae.
Minerisporites richardsoni (Murray) Potonia, 1956
(pl. 50: 2abcd)
1939. Trilet es richardsoni Murray. 482, 485, fig. 9.
1956. M i n erisporites richardsoni (Murray) Potonie; Marcinkiewicz: 38, pl. 17: 6, 7;
pl. 18: 1-6.
Material. - Four specimens (lG MW 2/379-382), good state of preservation:
Klosnowo IG-1, depth 1083-1089.5 m .
154
MA RTA W AKSMUND Z KA
Dim en sion s :
meg aspore di ameter
length of Y-rays
he ight of Y-ray s
width of eq ua tor ia l zone in r adial r eg ion
w idth of eq uatorial zone in interrad ia l
r eg ion
width of lumi na of retic ulum
height of spi n es forming r idg e at
junction points of reticulum
320-380 11m
R
28-32 11m
20-22 11m
48- 50 11m
5-20 u rn
2-4 11m
D escripti on . - Se e Harris (1961: 46). Similarly as in the case of M. m arginatus,
perfor ation of ex ine, r et iculum walls an d of spi nes located at junct ion points of the
particular reticulum r idg es are ob servable in SEM (pI. 50: 2d) .
Rem arks. - Se e M. marginatus.
Occ urrenc e. - P oland : Pliensb achian-Upper Toarcian (Polish Lowlands); Lower
Creta ceou s (Kl osn owo). England : Jura ssic.
B ota n ical affini ty. - M. richardsoni w a s clas sified so far to the Selaginella
a mong ot her due to sma ll quantity of m ega spores in macrosporangia, Marcinkiewicz
(1971) assigned this megaspore to the genus Lepido strobus because fragment of the
macrosporangium of M. r i char d soni contained 6 megaspores. This author has compared M. ri chard son i w it h Thom sonia phyllica, previou sly classified to the genus
Selanginella a nd then, by Harris (1961), to t he genus Lepidostrobus. Both, the shape
of macrosp orangiu m a nd large quantity of megaspores (25) within it, resembling
those of Lepidostrob us, have ser ved to Harris for the change of botanical a ffi n it y
of T h om sonia phyHica. As to M. r ichard son i , how ever, a fragmentary macrosporangium of unknown sha pe a nd size an d partially preserved contents hardly could
ju stified its a ffiliation to th e genus Lepidostrob us. Acc ord ing to Singh (1964) a ll
Min erisporites corresp ond to family Selaginellaceae.
REFERENCES
BATTEN, D. J . 1969. S ome British Wealden megaspores an d their fac ie s di stribution. - Palaeontology, 12, 2, :333-350.
DEMBOWSKA, J . 1973. Dokumentacja wynikowa wier cen ia Klosnowo-IG 1. Archiwum Instytutu Geologicznego, Warszawa. Maszynopis [MS) .
DIJKSTRA, S. J . 1949. Megasp ores a nd som e other fos sil s from the Aachenian
(Senon ian) in South Li mburg, Netherland s. - M eded. GeoL Sticht. N. S. 3,
19-32.
1951. Wealden megaspores an d t heir str atigr ap hica l v alue. - Ibidem, 5, 7-21.
1959. On megasp ores, char op hyta fruits an d some other sm all fo ssil s from the
Cretac eou s. - Palaeobotan i st , 8, 1-2, 8-18.
HARRIS , T . M. 1961. The Yorksh ire Jurassic F lor a. - Monogr. Brit. Mu s. (Nat . Hist.),
London . 1-212.
HUGHES, N. F. 1955. We alden pl ant m icrofo ssils. - G eol. Mag., 92, 201-217.
MAMCZAR , J. (i n press) Meg a sp ory, Kred a . In : L. Malinow sk a (ed .), Budow a geologi czn a P olsk i. Atl a s sk a rnienial osci przew odnich i charakterystycznych, v . III ,
p t. 2c. Wyd awnictwa Geolo giczn e, Warszawa.
L.
CR ETACEOUS MEG A S P O RES
155
MARCI NKIEWICZ, T. 1971. Stratygrafia retyku i li a su na podstawie badaii. megaspor owych. - Prace IG , 65, 1-57.
1979. Fungi-like forms on Jurassic mega sp ores. - Acta Palaeobotanica , 20, 2,
123-127.
1980. Jura ssic m egaspo r es from Gr6jec n ear Krak6w. - Ibidem, 21, 1, 37-58.
MAREK, S ., RACZYNSKA, A., CIESLINSKI, S. 1973. Kreda dolna, 498-501. In:
Budow a ge olog ic zna Polski, 1. Stratygrafia, pt. 2. Mezozoik. 1-805. Wydawnictwa G eologiczne, Warszawa.
MURRAY, N. 1939. The m icroflora of the upper and lower E stuarine Series of the
East Midlands. - Geol. Mag., 76, 478-489.
POTONIE, R. 1956. Synopsis der G attungen der Sporae di spersae , 1.: Sporites. Beih . geol. Jahrb ., 23, 5-103.
1966. Synopsis der Gattungen der Sporae dispersae, IV: Nachtrage zu allen
Gruppen (Turmae). - Ibidem, 52, 1-204.
1970. Synopsi s der Gattungen der Sporae d ispersae, V. - Ibidem, 87, 1-156.
POTTER, D. R. 1963. An emendation of the sp or om or p h Arcellites Miner 1935. Okl o Geol. Notes, 23, 227-230.
RYLL, A. , RACZYNSKA, A. 19'77. Dokumentacja wynikowa otworu badawczego Tuch el a IG-1. Ma szynopis, Archiwum Instytutu Gecl ogicznego. W arszawa [MS] .
S I NG H , C. 1964. Microflora of the Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group, East-Central
Alberta . - Res. Council of Alberta, 15, 1-239.
1971. L ower Cretaceou s m icroflora s, Peace Ri ver Area, North-Western Alberta. - Ibid em, 29, 1, 1-300.
SZYPERKO-SLIWCZYNSKA, A., RACZYNSKA, A. 1977. Dokumentacja w ynikowa
otwor6w b adawczych Czluch6w IG-2 i Czluch6w IG-2 bis. - Maszynopis, Archiwum Instytutu Geologicznego, Warszawa [MS].
TSCHUDY, R. H. 1976. Stratigraphic di stribution of species the megaspore genus
M ineri sporite s in North America. - Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 743-E, E 1-E 11.
MARTA WAKSMUNDZ KA
DO LNOKREDOWE MEGASPORY Z POLNOCNEJ POLSKI
Str eszczenie
Zesp6l zaw iera po nad 10 gatunk6w , z k t6rych op isano tu osi em, w tym [edna
n owa k ornb in a cje - Ve r TUt r iletes i mita tu s (Dijkstra). Sposrod n ich tylko M i nerispo r ites marginatu s byl n otowany z kredy P ol ski (Ma mc zar i n pr ess), a p ozost ale byly
b adz n a ty m t eren ie n ie zn ane, badz zn ajdow ane w sta rszych osa d a ch. Wyodrebnion o
n owe ce ch y ch arakteryzuja ce mo r folo gie sci an n a p od st aw ie obs erwacji w SEM .
156
MA R TA W AKS MU NDZ KA
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES 48-51
P la te 48
1, 2. VerTtLtriletes i mitatus (Di jkstr a) com b. n ov. 1 sp eci m e n No IG MW 2/3, C zluch6w IG - 1, 1199-1201 m : a prox im a l su r fa ce ; b d ista l sur fa ce; c proximal surface,
SEM; d exine fragment , SEM. 2 sp e cim e n No IG MW 2/4, Tuchola IG-1 , 945-960 m:
p ro x imal su rface , in transm itted light.
la , 1b, l c, 2X 100; 1d X 500
P la te 49
1. Verrutri letes gutta tus M arcinkiew icz, sp ecim en No IG MW 217, Czluch6w IG-2,
1199.4-1206 m : 1a prox ima l su rface ; 1b d istal su r f ace ; 1c proximal s u rfa ce, SEM ;
1d exine fragment, SEM.
2. Arcelli t es p yriformis (Dijkstra) Potter, sp ecim e n No IG MW 2/19, Czluch6w IG-2,
1194.5-1199.4 m : 2a lateral su r fa ce, 2b lateral sur fa ce, SEM.
la , l b, 2a, 2b X I OO; l c X 120; ld X 500
Pla te 50
1. M i neri sporites margi n at u s (Di jkstra) P ot on ie , sp eci m en No IG MW 2/23 ,
wo IG-1 , 1083-1089.5 m: 1a proximal surface ; 1b d istal su rfa ce; re d istal
S EM; ld exin e fragment, SEM.
2. Minerisp ori t es r ichardson i (Mur ray) Potonie, sp e cim en No IG MW 2/379 ,
wo IG -1 , 1083-1089.5 m : 2a p r oximal surface; 2b d istal su rfa ce; 2c proximal
S EM ; 2d exin e f r a gmen t, S EM.
la , i o, 2a, 2b X 100; 2c X 160; t c X 220; 1d X 500; 2d X 1000
K losnosurface,
Klosnosurface,
P la t e 51
1. T rileites (T ri letes) spurius (Di jk stra) P otonie , sp eci m e n No IG MW 2/1, Czluch6w
IG - 2, 1199.4-1206.4 m; proximal su rface .
2, 3. Erla n son i sporite s sparassi s (Murra y) P otonie , 1 sp ecime n N o IG MW 2/18, Kl osno wo IG - 1, 1083-1089.5 m: 2a lat eral sur fa ce ; 2b la t er a l su rface SEM. 3 sp ecim e n
No IG MW 2/19 , Klosnowo IG - 1, 1083-1089.5 m : 3a proximal view; 3b dista l view;
3c di stal vi ew, SEM.
4. Hughesisporites galericulatus (Dijkstra) Potonie, specimen No IG MW 2/383 , Czluch6w IG-2, 1194.5-1199,4 m: 4a la te r a l sur fa ce ; 4b lateral surface, SEM ; 4c proximal
sur fa ce, SEM.
1X60; 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3e, 4a X 80; 4b X 106; 4c X 400
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