fracture toughness of high-melting metals and alloys (in russian)

fracture toughness of high-melting metals and alloys (in russian)

. M ECH ANIKA
TEORETYCZNA
I STOSOWANA.
3 - 4, 23 (1985)
TPEmH H OCTOfiKOCTfe TyrOI U I ABKH X METAJIJIOB H CIIJIABOB
TpomEH KOj E . I I . B. T . YC K O B , A. B. BABAK ( K H E B)
Hucmumym npoÓMM npowiocmn
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[1]. 3 T O oóycJioBJieHO cneEtiK^HyecKHMH CBoScrBaMH TyronnaBKH x MaTepnajioB — HaJIIWJieM BHOCHMblX B MaTeptiaJI TeXHOJIOrHMeCKH 3epHOIpaHH1HblX MHKpOTpeiHHH, CKJIOHHOCTBIO i< BŁicoKOTeMnepaTypHOMy oxpynqiiBaH H io, ocjia6nH iomeMy aepnorpaH H ^H yio
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M a T c p u a n u M C TO;(H KH H C C Jicnoitainui
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>
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crpyKTypy n o jiyqan n npeABapH TejitH bra OTJKHTOM Ae<|>opMHpoBaHHoro B0JiBd[)paMa n p a
2200°C.
Ha TpemiiHOCTofti<ocTB B HHTepBajie TejvmepaTyp 20...2200°C npoBOfliuin
na pa3pa6oTaHHoft B H ncTH Tyxe npo6jieM npoHHOCTH AH YC C P BŁicoKOTeMnepatypHOH
ycraHOBKe «J I H HcnbiTaHHH Ha pacTH>KeHHe B YP T - I [2], Ha KOTOpoił ocyHcnojib3OBajiH craH ^apTubie KOMnaKTHbie o6pa3i;bi THna E [3]
Ha BHeu,eHTpeHHoe pacrHMceHHe, TOJIIUHHOH 6,5 3
1 0 ~ M . OSocHOBaHneM AJIH Bbi6opa
W. TROSZCZEN KO, E. T. U SK O W, A. W. BABAK
618
o6pa3UOB yi<a3aHHOH TOJimnHbi nocjiywH JiH 3KcnepHweHTajibHbie
jieiiH bie Ha p u c . I . KaK BH AH O H3 pncyH Ka, H3»teHeHHe TOJIIH H H ŁI o6pa3H.a B
OT 5- 10" 3 M flo 7- 10~ 3 M He oi<a3biBaeT BJIH H H H H Ha Bejraranny napaiwerpa KQ B
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3
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noBpacraHHff Tpeuą ma.1 (6)
3aBHCHMOCTH B03M0>KHbi JIHUIB B TOM
anpflweH ufi KQ npHHHMaer KpHTiwecKoe 3HayeHHe, T . e. KQ = Klc.
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T R I E S Z C Z I NOSTOJKOST TU G OPLAWKICrf...
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1000
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2000 T,°C l
PH C. 3. TeM nepaiypiiBie 3aBHCHMocTH TpeinHHocroftKOCTH / H xapaKTepHCTHK KpaTKonpeMeHHoft npo^iHOCTH 5"o,2 ( 2) , (3) fletjpopMHpoBaHHoro BOJn.tj)paMa
Beji;eHbi TeMnepaTypH bie saBHCHMOCTH n pe^ejia Tei<yqecTH ff0>2 (KpHBaa 2) H xapaKTepacTHKH miacTiraHOCTH; W (n pH Baa 3)3xoro MaTepnaJia. IIlTpaxoBbiMH JIHHHJŁMH BbiflejieHbi
TeMaepaTypHbie jn ian aaoH bi, cooTBeTCTByiomHe xapaKTepHbiM y^acrKaM Ha yKa3aHHBix
3aBHCHMOCTHX.
W. TROSZCZENSCO, E, I . U SKOW, A. W. BABAK
620
B TeiunepaTypnoM flnana3OH e 2<fC...T%v H aSjiioflaeica: BO3pacraH H e Klc c POCTOM
TeAinepaTypbi n p a HeycroHiHBOM xpyra<OM ciuemai- moM pa3pyiueriH H . flaanaaoH I ? ,
...2000°C OTJiHmaeTCff MOHOTOHHMM cHroKemiem n apam erpa TpeiuH H oeroH Kocra Klc
H npeflejia TeKyqecTii <ro>2 H ycrO H rasbM xpyni<HM HHTepKpHCTajuiHTHtiM pa3pyineHHeiw
KOTopoe xapai<TepH3yercH pa3BerBJieHHem MaracrpajiBHOH T pem roiw ( B AHana30He
r x p . . . 1500°C ) HJIH HenpepbiBHbiM ycroifaHBMM ee noflpacraH H era ( B .ą n an ason e 1500°C...
...2200°C ). l i p a TeainepaTypax, npeBbimaiomH X 2000°C HiweeT iwecTO
B03pacran n e napaiweipa Klc H 3epH orpaH iWH oe pacrpecKH BaH H e
AH ajiH 3H pya npeAcraBJieH H we Ha p n c . 3 pe3yji5TaTbi, MO>KHO OTMETHTL I O K ano-
waJiLHbie cJieflyiomwe ocoSeHHOCTH: CHHweHHe Klc c noBwmeH H em TeMnepaTypbi B anana3OHe r |, , . . . 2000 o C I I OTcyTCTBHe KaKHX- JinSo H3MeHeHHH (n epern SoB) Ha 3aBHCHM0CTHx
Ktc m f(T ) H ffo,2 = f(T ) n pi^ TejvinepaType 1500°C 3 xo r a n p n OTOH TeMnepaType H&ie3KCTpeMyM Ha SaBHCKMOCTH W — f(T ) H H3MeHHeTCH XapaKTep pa3BHTHH HCXOflTpemHHW. QieflyeT OTiueTHTb TaioKe H Apyrae OCOSCHHOCTH npeAcraBJieH H bix Ha
pHC. 3 3aBHCHMOCTeń: KOppeJIHUHH XapaKTepHCTHK Klc H GO, 2, aHOMajIBHblH XOĘ 3aBHCHMOCTH W ~ f(T ) IIO OTHOUieHHIO K ffo,2 npH T < 1500°C H n o OTHOUieHHIO K Klc
npn T < 1500°C.
CxpyKTypH tie nccjie^OBainH i H cnbiTamiwx o6pa3ii;oB noi<a3aJiH , I ITO B flH ana30H e
ejvraepaTyp r *p i. . 2000°C npoacxoflH T MOiioTOHiioe coBepiueHCTBOBaHHe crpyKTypbi,
TnpH ieat B OKpecTHOcTH TeivraepaTypw 1500°C arcyTCTByiOT
cTpyi<TypHbie
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B BOJiB4)paMe
npH n arpeBe, n e npeHcraBJiaeTCH B03iwo5KHbiM.
B paSoie [8] npefljiOHceHO OSBHCHHTB BbMB^eH H yio npoTHBOpeqHBOCTB
Ha p n ę . 3 flaH H bix fleił cTBH eM BHyipeHHHX ctpyKTypH bix HanpH>KeHHń [9],
B MaTepaajie n p a xepMHnecKOM BO3AeHCTBHH. • -.
H a p a c . 4 cxeMaTHiecicH noKa3aH o, Kai< BJIH SIOT H a TpemH H OcroH Kocrb W B fluana30He TenurepaTyp T *x ...2200°C npoijeccbi n oBbim eH n a njiacn- rraocTH c POCTOM TeMn ep aiyp w H oflHOBpeMeHHoro ocjiaSjieHHH M ew3epeH H bK rpaH H i^ BOieflCTBHe BO3HHKaiomero n pw H arpeBe W n o n a HanpK>KeHHii. 3 T H npoBjeccw oi<a3biBaioT nporaBOnoJio>KHoe BO3Aeń cTBHe Ha TpemHHocTOHKOcrb W ', c yBeJiHqeHHeM. nJiacriMHOCTH Tpe-
TVp 1500 2000
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TRIESZCZIN OSTOJKOST TU G OPŁ AWKICH . ..
621
mHHOCTOHKOCTŁ flOH VKH a BO3paCTaTB ( K p H BbK 1 H 2 ) , 3 C pOCTOM IIOH S
( K p H Bbie 3 H 4 ) .
npocTOTbi B cxeiwe npraiH Tbi cjie^yiom ae flonymemMt: n apam erp aH) xapaicrep y r i i n o n e BH yrpeH iurc H anpsoKeimft, c noBwuieHHCM TemnepaTypu BO3pacTaer
Sojiee pe3KO, wew n apaweTp s, xapaKTepKrayromirii iuiacTH raocTt jinaTepnana (tg/ ? < tgo();
iraMeneime Tpeim m ocToił Kocra AiaTepaajia HaxoflHTCH B HPHMOH 33BHCHMOCTH OT H3/ «eHeHHH er o nuacTH iH ocTH .
I lp u noBbiuieHMH TeMnepaTypbi c yBejnraeHHeM iuiacTH^HOcTH (KpHBaa 1) flOJiwaa
yBejiH<inBaTBCK H TpemHHOCTOHKOCTb (KpHBaa 2) . OfliraKO Sojiee pe3i<oe B03pacTaHHe
nojia BHyTpeHHHx nanpH>KeHHń (KpHBaa 3) npHBOflur i< TOMy, ^ T
(Kpneaa 4; tgy = tg/ 9—tgo().
ocjiaSn eraia Me>K3epeHHbix rpaHHUi nojs, BJiHHHHeiw nonn
pa3pymeHHe npOH Cxoairr n p n iiacn raH oń peajiH3an[HH MaTepaanoM luiacraraocTH . K O H icypeHUHH flByx yKa3aiiH bix npoijeccoB npH Bo^H T K CMeHe MexaHH3M0B paapymeH H a
(P - + H P ) H cHHHceHHio XP n pH TeatnepaTypax Bbime 1500°G . H pH T > 2000°G iranpH wenHH flocraraiOT n peflejia npo^H ocTH M aTepaana, Bbi3biBaa HHrencHBHoe 3epH orpaHHqHoe pacrpecKH BaH H e. n p H AaJiLHeauieM noBbimeHHH TejvraepaTypBi BejiOTHiia n ojia
Hanpa>KenHił o c r a e r c a npaKTH iecKH nocrOHHHoił BCJieflCTBHe p e n a K c a ^ H 3epH orpaHHHHMM pactpecKHBaHHeiw (a„ m o™x = con st) H TpemHHOcToń KocT
B AiaTepHajia H ecBO3pacraeT, T . K . KIC 3aBHCHT TOJIBKO OT H3MeHeHHa njiacrnqH ocTH M aiepnajia.
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OlIH CaH H bie B bl U i e 3aK0H 0M epH 0CTH H3M eHeHHH TpemHHOCTOił KOCTH
nojiyqeH H oro Mero^OM nopoinKOBoS M eranjiyprH H , B nccjieflOBaHHOM H irrepBajie
neparyp 2O...22O0°C xapaKTepH bi flJia MaTepnajia B fle^opMH posaH H OM COCTOHHHH.
BbicoKOTeMnepaTypHbift ot>KHr n p a T = 2200°C , c i^entio co3AaHHH peKpH crajinH 30BaHHoił crpyKTypbt, ae3aBHCHM0 OT BpeineHH BWflepacKH tabm, oSycJioBim H eoSpaTHMOe CHHDKeHHC TpemHHOCToSKOCTH ae<J)OpMHpOBaHHOrO B0fl&(J)paMa, BeJIH^HHa KOTOpoft o c r a er c a HeH3iweHHoił BO BceM HCCJieflOBaHHOM TeMnepaTypHOM mrrepBajie OT 20
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2200°C ( p n c . 5). KpoM e T oro, Ha B e jr a ia sy Klc peKpHcraJiJiH3OBaHHoro Wne BJIH H !OT
HH TeiwnepaTypa HcnbiTaHHft T, HM TaKae cipyKTypawe napaM erpbi KaK a^^eKTHBHWii
pa3iwep 3epH a d3$ ( B npeA&nax OT 0, 16- 10~ 3 M RO 2, 5- 10~ 3 M) H njioraocTB MHKpoTpemHH «Tp ( n p H OT P < 8%).
XaparaepH aH ocoSeH H ocrB noBepxHOCTen pa3pymeHHH Kai< o6pa3i;oB, H cnbrraH H bix
n pa 2200°C j TaK H npeABapErrejiBHO oToaoKeHHbix npH 2200°C H Hcni>rraHHbix npH
oojiee H H 3KH X TeM nepaTypax — npoTa>KeHHbie 3epH orpaH H qH we MHKDOTpemHHU, K O -
622 W. TKOSZCZENKO, E. I . U SKOW, A. W. BABAK
Topbie oTcyTCTBOBEUiH B HCXORHOM M aTepnajie H n e HaSjiiOAa^HCB H a H3JiOMe
H cnbiTaH H bix n p w 2000°C .
CymecTBeH H oe pa3JiH iH e xapaKTepucTH K TpeiU H H Ocro&KociH Ae^opjvra
H peKpHCTajiJiH3OBaHnoro Bonbć ppma. H e npoTH BopeqH T HMCIOUCHMCH B JiaiepaType
flaH H bIM O pe3K0M OTJIH^HH XapaKTepHCTHK npOtJHOCTH H IDiaCTH^HOCTH BOJIb(J)paj«a
C pa3JH raiOH HCXOflHOH CTpyKTypOfi [10], ^TO oSfcJICHHeTCH 3H3qHTeJIBH0 SoJiee HH3KOH
npotiH OCTbio rpairau, 3ep en n o cpaBiien n io c TCJIOM 3epH a B peKpH craiuiH 3OBaH H OM
1. OrcyrcTBH e BJ I H H H I M Ha BejiHHHHy napaiweTpa KQ TOJimnH bi o6pa3i^a ( B n p e OT 5- 10~ 3 M RO 7- 10~ 3 m), fl^H H bi H CXOAH OH . TpeiHHi- ibi H BeJiH ^H H bi n pH pocra
, a TaioKe xpynKH il xapai<Tep pa3pyiueH H H (npH M oii H3JUOAI, OTcyTCTBHe yTHH<i<n
B BepuiH H e TpemH H bi) B HccneflOBaHHOM ^H an a30H e Teivinepaxyp (2O .., 2O 00°C ), flaioT
ocHOBaHHe flji« npH MeH eH ira KOAinawnibix o6pa3ił OB Majiofi yoJimH H bi (G ojiee 5- 10~ 3 At)
n p n onpeflejieH H H xapaKTepH crai< TpeimiHOCTOHKOCTH BOJiBc^paMa c iicnoJiB3OBaHHeM
KpHTepHeB JiHHeHHoit wiexaHHKH pa3pyineH H H .
2. XapaKTepH oti ocoSeHHOCTBio TeMnepaTypH oft 3aBH cimocTH Klc AJ M ^ e ^ o p in u p o BaH H oro BOJiB^fpaMa H BJIH CTCH H aju rrae ancrpeM yM a B oSitacTH TeM nepaTypbi xpyni<oBH3Koro n e p e xo ^ a T %p, MOHOToimoe CHH>KeHHe BC J I H ^ H H BI KIC B TewnepaTypHOfti nnan a3o n e r ? |. . . 2 0 0 0 °C , K oppeitH pyiom ee c H3MeHeHHeM n p e ^ e jia TeKyuecrH ff0> z, npH
HajiHMHH 3KCTpeMyjwa n a TeM nepaTypH oń 3aBHCHMOCTH xapaKTepncTH KH njiacri«H ocTH
y> n p n 1500°C , UTO 06'bHCHHeTca B3aHMOReiicTBHeivi flByx n poT eK aiom H x B BontcbpaMe
npH H arpeBe n poią eccoB — njiacra4»iKau.H H M aTepaajia H ocjiaSjieH H H 3epHorpaHHMHoń
npO^HOCTH BCJie^CTBHe fleftCTBH H BHyTpeHHHX CTpyKTypH bK HanpflH<eHHH.
3. BfcicoKOTeMnepaTypHbiH O T ^ H T n p H 2200°C npHBOAHT K cymecTBeHHOftiy CHHJKeHHK) TpemHHOCTOHKOCTH BOJIBC[)paMa, npH ^eM H a BejIHHHHy Klc pei<pHCTaJMH30BaHH oro BOjiB(J)paMa He oi<a3biBaioT BJIH H H H C H H TeM nepaTypa, H H TaKHe crpyKTypH bie n apaiWeTpbl KaK 3Cj)(J)eKTHBHbIH pa3M ep 3epH a H nJIOTHOCTB MHKpOTpeiHHH, ^TO oSbHCHHeTCJI
Heo6paTHMWM cHHHceHHeM 3epH orpaH imH OH n p o m io c r H MaTepwajia • n p w BwcoKoxeM neBO3BeHCTBHH. ;
.- .,. ,
1. A. B. BABAK, O KOAUHecmamuou Koppeam/ uu Meincdy mpeufuuocmouKOcmbK Klc u KpamKoepeMemioii
npoUHocmbW aby ao,2, eoAb^paua- IIopouiKoeaH Memaanypzun, N ° I I 3 c . 68 - 72, 19831
2. A. B. EABAK, E . H . J yĆ KoB
, YcmaHÓBKa ÓJIH uccjiedoeaimn xapanmepucmm eH3Kocmu pa3pyiueuun
wyionnaaKux. Mamepuanoe npu eacoKUX meMttepamypax e eauyyMe u/ iu unepmuou cpede, 3aBoflJiae.j T. 46, Ns 10, c. 955 - 956, 1980.
3. K . XEKKEJIB, TexjtunecKoe npuMeuenue Mexmuxu pa3pytueuuH. M . : M eiaJiJiyprH H , 63 c . 1974.
4. B. A. CTEIIAH BH KO, A. B. BABAK, E . H . YC K O B, <t>paKmoipa$uHecKue oco6emwcmupa3pyuieuun
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St reszczen ie
ODPORN OŚĆ N A PĘ KAN IE TRUDNOTOPLIWYCH METALI I STOPÓW
Przedstawione został y wyniki badań odpornoś ci na pę kanie odkształcanego i rekrystalizowanego
wolframu technicznej czystoś ci w zakresie temperatury 20 - 2000°C.
Charakterystyczną cechą zależ nośi ctemperaturowej Ktc dla odkształcanego wolframu jest obecność
ekstremum przy temperaturze krucho- lepkiego przejś cia T$, i obniż enia Ku w zakresie T?p ... 2000°C»
a dla rekrystalizowanego niezależ ność KIC od temperatury i parametrów strukturalnych (efektywny rozmiar
ziarna i gę stość mikroszczelin). Specyfikę zmiany odpornoś ci na pę kanie wolframu moż na objaś nić wzajemnym oddział ywaniem dwóch procesów — uplastycznienia materiał u i osłabienia wytrzymałoś ci na
granicy ziaren.
Summary
FRACTU RE TOU G H N ESS OF HIG H- MELTIN G METALS AND ALLOYS
Results of the research in the fracture toughness of deformed and recrystallized wolfram of technical purity are presented for the temperature range 20 - 2000°C.
The characteristical feature of the temperature dependence KIC for the deformed wolfram is the presence
of an extremum of the temperature of brittle- viscous transition T"r and the decrease of KiC in the range
TxP ... 2000°C while the independence K, c of the temperature and structural parameters (effective grain
dimension density of microcracks). The specific features of the wolfram fracture toughness can be explained
by the interaction of the two processes, namely the material plastification and weakening of the inter grain
strength.
Praca został a zł oż ona w Redakcji dnia 20 kwietnia 1985 roku