The analysis of performance test results of Polish Landrace pigs

Animal Science Papers and Reports vol. 24 (2006) Supplement 1, 57-63
Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzębiec, Poland
Presented at the Conference
“Genetic and Breeding Research on Pigs
with Special Reference to Indigenous Breeds”
organized to commemorate the 10th anniversary
of the death of Professor Stefan Alexandrowicz
20-21 October 2005, Poznań, Poland
The analysis of performance test results of Polish
Landrace pigs from Bydgoszcz breeding area
Grażyna Michalska1, Jerzy Nowachowicz1, Zdzisław Chojnacki2
1
Department of Animal Products Evaluation, University of Technology and Agriculture,
Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2
Regional Animal Breeding Centre in Bydgoszcz
Hetmańska 28, 85-039 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Statistical analysis covered the results of performance test of 33 290 Polish Landrace (PL) pigs,
(15 760 young boars and 17 530 gilts) tested in 1995-2001 in the activity region of Regional Animal
Breeding Centre (Bydgoszcz breeding area), covering Kujawy-Pomorze Province. From 1995 till
2001 meat content of carcass increased in young boars and gilts by 2.9 and 3.3 per cent points,
respectively. Selection index was the highest in pigs tested in 1999 (120.2 points in young boars and
122.2 points in gilts) while the lowest in 1995 differring from year 1999 by 13.4 points in young boars
and by 16.5 points in gilts. Results of performance test showed the effective improvement of Polish
Landrace breed in Bydgoszcz breeding area.
KEY WORDS: boars / gilts / pig performance test
Polish Landrace (PL) pigs are most numerous in the country as their share is about
54 % of a total of pedigree pigs [Orzechowska and Mucha 2003]. Among performancetested purebred pigs produced in Bydgoszcz breeding area young PL boars presented
59.2 % [Michalska et al. 2004]. Among purebred and crossbred performance-tested
57
G. Michalska et al.
gilts in this area the PL animals amounted to 37.8 % [Nowachowicz and Michalska
2003].The level of productivity of pigs bred in Poland and in particular areas of the
country varies and changes within the space of years [Michalska 1996, Buczyński et
al. 1999, Czarnecki et al. 1999, Różycki 1999, Fandrejewski et al. 2001, Milewska i
Falkowski 2001].
The aim of this report is to present the results of performance testing of PL pigs
produced in Bydgoszcz breeding area since year 1995, when the methodology was
modernized and to determine the selection index beside previously used parametre i.e.
daily live weight gain, also meat content (%) of carcass was introduced.
Material and methods
The statistical analysis covered the results of performance test of 33 290 pigs,
including 15 760 young boars and 17 530 gilts of Polish Landrace (PL) produced
within the activity region of Regional Animal Breeding Centre covering KujawyPomorze Province. The animals were performance-tested according to obligatory
method, which in calculation of selection index takes into consideration daily live
weight gain standardized to day 180 of life and meat content of carcass. The formulas
of performance test selection indexes (I) were as follows [Eckert and Żak 2002ab]:
I for young boars = 0.1678 X1 + 3.7134 X2 – 199.5119
I for gilts = 0.1678 X1 + 3.7134 X2 – 189.5119
where:
X1 – daily live weight gain standardized to day 180 of life;
X2 – meat content of carcass (%).
The results of performance testing of young boars and gilts were analysed during
seven consecutive years, i.e. from 1995 to 2001.
The results were statistically evaluated using one-way variance analysis.
The significance of differences between the results obtained in seven consecutive
years (established as groups 1-7) was identified by multiple-part test as described by
Ruszczyc [1981]. Applied was computer programme Statistica PL [2000].
Results and discussion
In Table 1 given are numbers and results of performance tests of young PL boars
tested over 177.2 up to 178.4 days following the method officially approved for Polish
Pig Testing Stations [Eckert and Żak 2000ab]. The live body weight on the test-day
ranged from107.5 kg (year 1995) to 111.8 kg (year 1999). The differences between the
results for year 1995 and years that followed were highly significant. The mean daily
live weight gain standardized to day 180 of life for seven tested years amounted to
624 g. The lowest mean live weight gain (611 g) showed young boars in the year 1995
58
177.8
11.5
mean
SD
mean
SD
mean
SD
mean
SD
mean
SD
mean
SD
mean
SD
mean
SD
Body live weight at
slaughter (kg)
Daily gain of body live
weight standardized to
180th day (g)
Backfat thickness in P2
point (mm)
Backfat thickness in P4
point (mm)
Mean backfat thickness
(mm)
Height of loin eye
(mm)
Meat content of carcass
(%)
Performance test
selection index score
(points)
106.8
13.8
54.9
3.0
48.3
5.7
-
12.9
3.7
14.6
3.6
611
68
107.5
11.0
2223
mean
SD
Age at slaughter
(days)
1995
1
Number of animals
Trait
111.5
12.4
55.5
2.7
50.4
6.2
-
13.3
3.6
13.9
3.1
624
68
110.2
11.6
178.1
11.0
3288
1996
2
115.2
11.4
56.5
2.3
50.2
5.7
-
12.1
2.8
12.7
2.8
625
63
110.7
10.8
178.3
9.9
3061
1997
3
119.7
11.6
57.5
2.0
50.6
5.4
-
11.2
2.3
11.6
2.4
630
64
110.8
11.2
177.2
8.9
3089
1998
4
120.2
10.7
57.5
1.8
50.2
5.5
-
10.9
2.0
11.5
2.1
632
53
111.8
9.9
178.2
10.7
1315
1999
5
Year
119.4
11.2
57.6
1.5
48.9
5.1
-
10.5
1.8
11.1
1.8
626
56
110.8
10.2
178.4
11.8
1352
2000
6
Table 1. The results of performance test of young boars of Polish Landrace breed
119.2
11.8
57.8
1.6
49.0
5.0
10.6
1.5
-
-
620
57
109.4
9.7
177.9
10.1
1432
2001
7
115.3
12.9
56.6
2.5
49.8
5.7
10.6
1.5
12.0
3.1
12.8
3.1
624
63
110.2
10.9
177.9
10.5
mean
1995-2001
5-6.7
-
-
-
-
-
4-3.6;
7-2.3
2-7
2-4
P≤0.05
1-2,3,4,5,6,7;
2-3,4,5,6,7; 3-4,5,6,7
1-2,3,4,5,6,7;
2-3,4,5,6,7;
3-4,5,6,7; 7-4,5,6
1-2,3,4,5,6,7;
2,3,4,5-6,7
-
1-2,3,4,5,6;
2-3,4,5,6; 3-4,5,6;
4-5,6; 5-6
1-2,3,4,5,6; 2-3,4,5,6;
3-4,5,6; 6-4,5
1-2,3,4,5,6,7; 2-4,5;
5-3,6,7; 7-4,6
1-2,3,4,5,6,7;
3,4-5,7; 5-2,6,7; 6-7
4-3,5,6
P≤0.01
Significance of differences
Genetic and Breeding Research on Pigs with Special Reference to Indigenous Breeds
59
60
mean
SD
Body live weight at
slaughter (kg)
mean
SD
Backfat thickness
in P4 point (mm)
mean
SD
105.7
14.3
53.6
3.2
Meat content of carcass mean
(%)
SD
Performance test
selection index score
(points)
46.7
5.6
-
14.0
4.0
15.4
3.6
572
69
mean
SD
Height of loin eye
(mm)
Mean backfat thickness mean
(mm)
SD
mean
SD
Backfat thickness
in P2 point (mm)
Daily gain of body live mean
weight standardized to SD
180th day (g)
173.9
17.3
97.1
11.4
962
mean
SD
Age at slaughter
(days)
1995
1
Number of animals
Trait
110.8
13.7
54.6
3.1
47.9
6.3
-
13.6
3.7
14.3
3.4
581
66
95.1
10.6
169.1
15.7
1963
1996
2
116.3
12.4
55.5
2.5
47.5
5.1
-
12.6
3.0
13.0
2.8
593
66.6
93.6
10.3
164.1
12.1
2102
1997
3
118.5
14.3
56.0
2.6
48.0
5.2
-
12.0
2.8
12.7
3.1
597
73
95.6
10.7
166.2
13.5
2705
1998
4
122.2
12.4
56.5
2.3
48.5
5.0
-
11.7
2.6
12.3
2.8
608
63
96.9
10.2
165.3
12.7
3023
1999
5
Year
Table 2. The results of performance test of gilts of Polish Landrace breed
120.6
11.8
56.8
2.1
48.3
5.0
-
11.2
2.4
11.8
2.5
591
61
96.2
10.8
167.8
13.2
3297
2000
6
120.7
12.2
56.9
2.0
48.1
4.7
11.4
2.0
-
-
589
60
96.4
10.4
168.4
13.4
3478
2001
7
118.1
13.6
56.1
2.6
48.0
5.2
11.4
2.0
12.2
3.1
12.9
3.1
593
66
95.9
10.6
167.3
13.8
mean
1995-2001
1-2,3,4,5,6,7;
2-3,4,5,6; 3-4,5,6,7;
4,5-6,7
P≤0.01
-
-
2,4-3,6
-
-
-
3-7
1-2,3,4,5,6,7;
2-3,4,5,6,7; 3-4,5,6,7;
4-5,6,7; 5-6,7
1-2,3,4,5,6,7;
2-3,4,5,6,7; 3-4,5,6,7;
4-5,6,7; 5-6,7
1-2,3,4,5,6,7; 3-5,6,7;
5-2,4,7
-
1-2,3,4,5,6; 2-3,4,5,6;
3-4,5,6; 4-5,6; 5-6
1-2,3,4,5,6; 2-3,4,5,6;
3-4,5,6; 4-5,6; 5-6
1-2,3,4,5,6,7;
2-3,4,5,6,7;
4-5,6,7; 5-3,6,7
1,4-7; 5- 1-2,3,4,6; 2-3,5,6,7;
6
3-4,5,6,7
4-5
P≤0.05
Significance of differences
G. Michalska et al.
Genetic and Breeding Research on Pigs with Special Reference to Indigenous Breeds
while the highest (632 g) in year 1999 (P≤0.01). In authors’ earlier report [Michalska
et al. 2000] it was stated that young PL boars reared in Bydgoszcz breeding area
showed higher growth rate than Pietrain, Line 990, Hampshire, Belgian Landrace
and Polish Large White boars, but lower than those of Duroc breed. According to
Jarczyk et al. [2002] domestic breeds (Polish Large White and Polish Landrace) used
for crossing exhibit similar or slightly better daily live weight gain than hybrids by
PIC boars.
Over the consecutive analysed years fatness of animals decreased. Compared to
the year 1995, backfat thickness in 2000 decreased in P2 and P4 points by 3.5 and 2.4
mm, respectively, differences between year 1995 and remaining years being highly
significant. Height of loin eye amounted from 48.3 mm (year 1995) up to 50.6 mm
(year 1998), and differences between year 1995 and remaining years were found
significant.
Within the years 1995-2001 meat content of carcass of tested young boars
increased by 2.9 per cent points (from 54.9% to 57.8%; P≤0.01) while selection index
from 106.8 points up to 120.2 points, respectively, showing the difference of about
13.4 points. Michalska et al. [2004] stated, that among young boars performancetested in Bydgoszcz breeding area in year 2001 the selection index in PL breed was
significantly lower than in Belgian Landrace and Pietrain breeds..
In Table 2 animals’ numbers and results of performance testing of PL
gilts are presented. The youngest gilts were performance-tested in year 1997
(164 days) while the oldest in year 1995 (174 days), differences between these results
and those found in remaining years being highly significant. Mean daily live weight
gain in gilts standardized on day 180 was lowest in year 1995 (572 g), and highest
in year 1999 (608 g) showing the improvement in growth rate by 36 g. In year 2001
growth rate of performance-tested PL gilts for the whole country amounted to 600 g
[Eckert and Żak 2002b] being by 7 g higher from the result obtained by gilts from
Bydgoszcz breeding area. Nowachowicz et al. [2003] among nine groups of gilts
(seven purebred and two crossbred groups) performance-tested in year 2001 in
Bydgoszcz breeding area, found the PL to occupy the second position in growth rate
after Belgian Landrace.
Similarly as in young boars, in consecutive years fatness of gilts decreased.
Comparing year 1995 to 2000 backfat thickness in P2 and P4 points decreased by 3.6
and 2.8 mm, respectively. The most favourable height of loin eye was found in gilts that
were performance-tested in year 1999 (48.5 mm). Meat content of carcass increased
from 53.6% in year 1995 to 56.9% in year 2001, i.e by 3.3 per cent points. Mean
meat content of PL gilt carcass for the whole country in year 2001 [Eckert 2002b]
was higher by 0.3 per cent points from that in PL gilts from Bydgoszcz breeding area.
Performance test selection index of gilts was the highest in animals tested in year 1999
(122.2 points), the lowest being found in gilts performance-tested in year 1995 (105.7
points). The difference was 16.5 points (P≤0.01).
61
G. Michalska et al.
Summarizing it should be stated that results of testing of young boars and gilts
produced in years 1995-2001 show the efficient improvement of PL pigs fattening and
slaughter performance traits in Bydgoszcz breeding area.
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Genetic and Breeding Research on Pigs with Special Reference to Indigenous Breeds
Grażyna Michalska, Jerzy Nowachowicz, Zdzisław Chojnacki
Analiza wyników oceny przyżyciowej świń rasy polskiej białej
zwisłouchej produkowanych w bydgoskim okręgu hodowlanym
Streszczenie
Analizą statystyczną objęto wyniki oceny przyżyciowej 33 290 świń (15 760 knurków i 17
530 loszek) rasy polskiej białej zwisłouchej dokonanej w latach 1995-2001 na terenie działania
Regionalnego Centrum Hodowli Zwierząt w Bydgoszczy (obejmującego woj. kujawsko-pomorskie).
W latach 1995-2001 nastąpiło zwiększenie zawartości mięsa w tuszy, wynoszące u knurków i
loszek odpowiednio 2,9 i 3,3 punkta procentowego. Indeks selekcyjny był największy u świń
poddanych ocenie przyżyciowej w 1999 r. (120,2 pkt. u knurków i 122,2 pkt. u loszek), a najmniejszy
w 1995 r. (odpowiednio 106,8 i 105, 7 pkt). Uzyskane wyniki oceny przyżyciowej świń świadczą o
skutecznym doskonaleniu zwierząt rasy polskiej białej zwisłouchej w bydgoskim okręgu hodowlanym.
63