Metodologia badania bezpieczeństwa pojazdów w Polsce
Transkrypt
Metodologia badania bezpieczeństwa pojazdów w Polsce
PRACE NAUKOWE POLITECHNIKI WARSZAWSKIEJ
z. 114
Transport
2016
()-9
Instytut Transportu Samochodowego*Y
'!=
8.(9(58+%8&+8].0
%$+(00%9&8
=
: !2016
: =# ! &F
& (
!F '
Y<&
(
!*
mF "
*
!F)
(
!
* bezpiecz!
!
F
!B !* *
1. 0%/0(+858
&
;
*
(
*
*
( .
£
(
(£
(
FOcena u £
!wymaga a @
F%
(£
ich
F
&(( (
* *
*(£
nie czy stan techniczny, co !F G *(
£
!
(
!F " (
* F"
£
ym, gospodarczym i F
74
£Loranc
%&
(
F"
*
( £
F>
F%e NIK z 2016
#
£
Y
<
& xY<&~ ( £
[10].
%
>
"
Y<&
*( ;
*
#
F%
£
*
£
F"#
£
[1].
( &£
=&!
Y<&*
#
& ;.
% (
(*( £
& ( * !chodowego. Z podobnymi
(
*( £
F
£
! !&*( £
#
Y<&F
2. %$+(0;.888+%8&+8].0
/7&<7(/08
,*(
*
F'! £
*
x
#~*
(
*
prawo o ruchu drogowym,
a o ruchu drogowym,
F
'!
*
*(
£
£ *(
F G
&
F
!
* (
F B^ * w 8£;B^ [12].
!&
75
%&B;
;^
[16]F
(
*
*
n
,
n
F
"
( 18 – BF(
( *
(
*
£
F
"
#
!
F"
(
( x
£
(
~F&@
x*
~ #* ! £
!
!
(
*
£
zoru.
%
F ! testom przeprowadzanym w ramach pr <GY/&F % (
(
F
'! (
£
! F%B;
)
,
,G)B;;£BB!
='!£
= F % &
! '= B;;
– 2020 ]
!*F#
# [5].
)Q<&!
'!=£
*#*³%)´*£
! *
!£
F%
(
£
spieszen#
transportowych, co £
(
[8].
:
< ( !F£
<='!>
<>"Y (( £
!F+
:
<
!! (
£
!F :
( £
!
(
(
£
[4].
76
£Loranc
'!
(
£
F%& £
F , * ruchu,
F '!£
(
#G&'=B;– 2020.
"
#
bezpieczne zachowan
,
#,
,
,
F
%(#
(
*
F%#£
!£
(
!* £
!@ [9].
3. &+;55$&80%=;058+%8&+8].0
%$+(7
'!(
!
F
'! (
!
F
'! (
*
(
(
i inn
[15].
3.1. 8+%8&+8].0&+;558
Y
!(
*
* F ! bezpi!
(
x/'"– Anti£'
"~*
x/"=– /" =
~*
x<"&– <
" &~*
x'/"– '/
~.
)
(
! ( /'"
<"&x<"Y~FG( *(
!&
77
(
ASR, BAS, co ma
GY/&.
3.2. 8+%8&+8].08/58
!*( ! * !£
(
(
!*
*
*
(
#F
%(
(
<>"Y
(]] B:<*
B;– 2008 [4].
%& (
£
(
(
#
i
(
£
F& !#
(
F & £
!
(! (ch £
nych.
£
F"
!*(
(
£
bezpieczony*(
££
F { dopasowany do wzrostu i wagi
F
& (
F
Badania w dziedz
* ( (
£
(
F)£
(
&F
+
!(£
– /='/F
£
(
F"
!*;F
(
# £
biny.
, ! ( £
!
*F%£
*£
F
W za ! (
F
78
£Loranc
3.3. /+0$.8&<5908/7578+%8&+8].0
'
!
£
(
F"
* £
czy!
FG£
( * ( F &£
*( !*
<GY/&F* #
(
y £
. *
*
£
* F
G
(
!(£
FG
!@
( !£
F G
(
£
(
*
£
£
F
)
<>"Y
!
(
(
£
(
*
x"/~*
x/<'~
£
[4].
:
!
(
£
du (!
F"*( (
!£
(
[4]. "£
F % (
*
#
F
G(
*((
£
!(F& (
£
! F *
£
F
!&
79
4. 8.(9&85;8+%8&+8].0%/7
%$+(0
!&
(£
F'
F& !
& Y<&F Y
o o
F
! £
!F>
!
£
szego etapu.
4.1. (59?&085%(.08&85./958$
80(85&$%$+(0
&@
#
&
Y<&F
(
( * £
* #
F>*(
!Foszacowania #£
tycznie p (
# ,YF
'
F&£
x *(* *
**£
~,
,
,
F
%
>"
"+='£
!=B;4 &
.661.647,
]*;^F & (
* ( *B i ,Y
*
(&
19.221.B*^
£
bowe [2].
4.2. %=>58(558.08
'
&F
F :
#
Y<&F
80
£Loranc
Badania ma(
!£
*
*F
( !F'
!*
!!
£
(
*
£
!*
F&
(!
£
x*
~*# £
! x
F
£
!~F
'
£
F
!
£
FG
!&£
F
& bada
F
Wy *(
& x]^ :" ~* x
+
&B;
osobowe stanowi ]^~(
* *(
! [11, 16].
%
#
\]^*
@
#
iomie 0,5 oraz ^F&£
& – F ;\,5 F reprezentatywna
F– ;B*].
Badania (prowadz (esti
£
*!
F/
£
(x
Fe benzynowe*
~F
/
£
! &
#
*
(
!,
F
5. (5%9.408
& ! &
>
"£
chodowego "+='=– !B;]
[2]F/
#@(
*
w tym:
!&
81
,
&,
,
(
!,
F
/
(
£
!F
'
*
£
&(F'
£
F,
\]
F
&
Y<&
!
£
towych [2].
5.1. 0;5(]58.0;&<
/
£
&B;]F\^ ! 1 – BFG
(
*
F
osobowych ;] F x;^~.
;;F
Rys. 1. %
% (
(
£
FG
£
F&
((
£
da
F%
*(£
F^
;]F&
*(
82
£Loranc
]F Y £;F
£] F % F
Rys. 2. : #
'
(
(
& F %
*(
(
£
!x pasy !~.
)
(
\^F
&
]^(((
**
FG((
!F
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Pasy przod
100%
Pasy tyl
100%
100%
Zaglowki przod
97%
Zaglowki tyl
93%
Poduszka kierowcy
85%
41%
Kurtyny
86%
ABS
46%
ESP
26%
Isofix
36%
ASR
inne
2%
=F. %(
!
!&
%
£
F]\^ *(
FB^
*( F:* £
F% (B£
(£]F
%
# £
!F
)
x^~(
£
zonowe F\^
x@
~F>
^
F
&
x]B^~
£
GY/&F, GY/&
*
£
(
! !F
6. %(705805
,
!
!£
F & (
tym systemie. Systematyczne badania
*£
!F )
£
(
! ruchu drogowego, opracowania
!
!
F
'
!
*(£
mochodowy &
(
(
*(to
stanowi (
(
F
G*( Y<&(
F,
£
!
£
!F'
F£
* !£
nowi rzeczywisty stan u ! £
F%
*
£
* (
# !
F
&
(
!
!
£
!FY
!*
£
!F
!
(
F>(
(
£
84
£Loranc
!
!
£
(F&
(
£
!
* !
(
F
*
1.
2.
F
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
;F
14.
15.
16.
'F*'F'
&
£
B;BF&>"
B)'<*%£
B;F
£
F
F
! !£
&F"+='=*%B;]F
F%
F
!F% !F
>F;F+F&xF~F%
G&%G*%awa 2009.
<>"Y=[
#
"#=
B\;*B;]F
&
!
'!=B;;£BB¬+
'=*
;B;;*
>
"F
_*/F"
QFx<F~="#&#
*"#GF–
*
2007.
F*%£F¦£ . +
'=
B\*
>
"F
+<%
!
£
!
B;;£BB*"<YxB;~\
+='!=*G&'! =£
B;– BBF
+='=
BFFB;*
G( +
*
#
{
"
£
!*!B;F
=
>
F%
B;FF:"*%B;F
=F+F>=#&
Y
[{
, ['[*_
'[
>##
Safety, eds. F<[
=F"
*&
&*;\].
"
+=B=Y
(
£
Y
<
&F%B;]F
%£F*%
/F¦YÍ !£
F+
'=
BB\*
t Transportu Samochodowego.
%F&F'!*%
+£
¥
*%
*%B;BF
%&B;*+&*%B;].
897.58.<(&/%/8.;&5(.55%95(
!##B > [
# # &
F Q #FÎ
[# with in£
[#[*
##F"
[
*
[
[F>
#
#
#[##
[
*[
#
£ and short£
f preventive measures.
B #*#[*