wykorzystanie nowoczesnych środków komunikacji w różnych

wykorzystanie nowoczesnych środków komunikacji w różnych

Katarzyna W ARZECHA
University o f Econom ics in Katowice
M onika ODLA N ICK A -PO CZO BU TT
Silesian U niversity o f Technology
THE USE OF M ODERN M EANS OF COM M UNICATIO N
IN VARIOUS SPHERES OF SO CIO-ECO NOM IC LIFE
S u m m ary . Intense technological progress, advanced science and new information
and com m unication technologies are increasingly important in today's social and
economic phenomena. The article presents the possibility o f using m odem means o f
com m unication in m any areas o f life and economic activities (e.g. in medicine, in
administration, for the police, in business, in education). M odem means o f
com m unication - computers, tablets, m obile phones and smartphones, especially
those with Internet access, are an im portant tool for gaining information, for learning,
for w ork and entertainm ent, yet may also lead to dependence.
K eyw ords: m odem m eans o f com m unication, Internet, Internet addiction,
dependence on a mobile phone, the field o f socio-econom ic
WYKORZYSTANIE NOWOCZESNYCH ŚRODKÓW KOMUNIKACJI
W RÓŻNYCH DZIEDZINACH ŻYCIA SPOŁECZNOEKONOMICZNEGO
S treszczenie. Intensywny postęp technologiczny, zaaw ansow any rozwój nauki
i nowe technologie inform acyjno-kom unikacyjne mają coraz większe znaczenie dla
współczesnych zjawisk społecznych i ekonom icznych. W artykule zaprezentow ano
możliwości zastosowania now oczesnych środków komunikacji w wielu dziedzinach
życia i działalności gospodarczych (np. w medycynie, w administracji, w policji,
w biznesie, w edukacji). N ow oczesne środki kom unikacji - komputery, tablety,
telefony kom órkow e i sm artfony, szczególnie te z dostępem do Internetu, są ważnym
narzędziem zdobywania informacji, nauki, pracy i rozrywki, a także mogą przyczynić
się do uzależnienia.
K. W arzecha. M. O dlanicka-Poczobutt
146
Słow a kluczow e: now oczesne środki komunikacji, Internet, uzależnienie od
Internetu, uzależnienie od telefonu komórkowego, dziedziny życia społecznogospodarczego
1. Introduction
Intense technological progress, advanced development o f science and new inform ation
and com m unication technologies are proving to have more and more influence on
contem porary social and econom ic phenom ena. There is a rapid increase in the num ber o f
Internet users, the capacity o f the W orld W ide W eb and the unlim ited opportunities to use
m odem m eans o f com m unication in various spheres o f life and business activities (e.g.: in
medicine,
adm inistration,
police,
business,
education)
as
well.
M odem
m eans
of
com m unication - computers, tablets, mobile phones and smartphones with Internet access in
particular have become a very im portant tool for gaining information, for education, for work
and for entertainment. The Internet is an invaluable source o f knowledge and is a m eans o f
trade, instant com m unication, and is also a source o f social and cultural life. It is hard to
imagine a day o f a m odem man w ithout these technological conveniences. It can be argued
that m odem inform ation and com m unication technologies (ICT) are tools used in the
reduction o f social inequality and in the increase o f opportunities for those people
experiencing exclusion.
A ccording to the Global Digital Statistics 2015 report1 (from January 2015), access to the
Internet was available for 42% o f the overall w orld’s population, 68% o f Europeans regularly
use the Internet (67% o f the overall population in Poland has access to the Internet).
The active users o f social netw orks account for 29% o f overall world population (34% in
Poland) w here 23% o f the w orld’s population use mobile devices to connect to social
networks (m obile phones) - for Poland it is 24%. Almost 1,366 billion people in the world
are users o f Facebook where 83% o f them have access to social networks by mobile devices.
There is a rapid growth o f users o f m essenger services and chat apps (in January 2015 the
num ber o f active users was respectively W hatsApp - 600 million, W eChat - 468 million,
Facebook M essenger -
500 m illion, V iber -
209 million, SnapChat -
100 million).
The penetration o f mobile phone netw orks reached 51% o f the overall world population in
January 2015 (132% o f the population in Europe and 147% o f the population in Poland).
From the data o f the European Com m ission2 it is clearly visible that 1 out o f 4 Europeans
have never used the Internet. M oreover, consumers and companies very quickly change
1 Global Digital Statistics 2015 (http://w earesocial.net).
2 http://cc.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/informacje-o-kraju-polska; http://ec.europa.eu/digitaI-agenda/en/scoreboard.
The use o f m odem means.
147
mobile services. The popularity o f mobile Internet rose to 62%, reaching 217 m illion
subscribers to mobile broadband networks.
2. The use of modern means of com m unication in various spheres
o f socio-econom ic life in Poland - opportunities and threats
Technological developm ent influences the functioning o f the econom y in a broad sense,
and m odem information and com m unication technologies (ICT) exert positive and negative
results on various spheres o f socio-econom ic life.
2.1. T h e p ositive in fluence o f IC T d evelop m en t in selected sp h eres o f so cio -eco n o m ic life
The XXI century is the tim e o f the so-called inform ation revolution. It means that
inform ation has become the m ost important elem ent o f everyday life (because we are
spending m ore and more tim e on the Internet - Polish people stay in front o f a com puter or
use a tablet to browse the Internet about 5 hours a day; they use mobile phones for browsing
web pages for about 2 hours a day; social netw orks are as well visited for about 2 hours a day
- the data originating from G lobal Digital Statistics 2015 report), and the most important
element o f m onitoring economic, social, trade and business matters. In a modem global
econom y the com petitiveness o f com panies depends on their innovativeness and the
knowledge at their possession. The great “introduction o f information technology” in
economic activity allows for a sim pler integration o f economies at the national and regional
level. The use o f information technology in econom ic activities contributes to the overall
increase o f perform ance o f com panies on the market due to the advance o f managem ent
procedures, due to the im provem ent o f the quality and quickness o f carrying out m any
operations, and due to the availability o f m any adm inistrative, m edical or educational
services.
E lectron ic b usiness
The positive im pact on the Polish econom y brought upon by the developm ent o f
electronic business, which can be conducted through the Internet and the mobile phone, is the
effective exchange o f data betw een the m arket participants, contracts signing, video­
conferencing, trainings, advertising o f products and services, and access to a wide audience
and prospective customers. O nline shops are com ing into being and the electronic banking
and teleworking are developing. M any com panies in Poland use their own websites to present
their catalogs, goods or services (in 2015 the share o f com panies with a website was 65,4%).
A tool used in business in a w ider form is social media. Com panies use social media mainly
K. W arzecha. M. O dlanicka-Poczobutt
148
for m arketing purposes, but also for cooperation with business partners (more than one fifth
o f all com panies in Poland benefited from the possibilities given by social media Społeczeństw o inform acyjne w Polsce w 2015 r., GUS (Inform ation Society in Poland in
2015, Central Statistical Office o f Poland)). A ccording to data obtained from the Global
D igital Statistics 2015 report, shopping through the Internet during the last m onth w as done
by 44% o f Polish people (the data from January 2015), and shopping through the Internet
with the use o f a mobile phone was done by 14% o f Polish people.
T h e m ark et o f com p u ter gam es
In the m odem world o f om nipresent com puters, tablets and m obile phones, the com puter
games m arket is a rapidly developing branch o f the entertainment industry, which is earning
enorm ous profits. From the N ew zoo3 research, in 2012 the value o f the global gam ing m arket
was estim ated at 66,3 billion U SD , w hile in 2015 (data from O ctober 2015) the sam e m arket
w as estim ated at 91,3 billion U SD , therefore the income in this branch o f industry has
increased by 38% in com parison to 2012. The highest revenue-generating region for the
gam ing m arket in 2015 was the A PA C region (Asia - Pacific), generating 41,6 billion USD
o f income. The first three countries in term s o f revenue for the com puter games m arket are:
China (22,2 billion USD ), the U nited States (22 billion USD) and Japan (12,3 billion USD).
Poland, am ong the 100 researched countries, takes 19th position, and the second position in
eastern Europe, right behind the Russian Federation. According to the available data,
the value o f the Polish gam ing m arket in 2015 was estimated at about 408 m illion USD.
O ur hom e gam es producers have a 0,98% shares in the worldwide gam ing market. It is
forecasted that the incom e o f the Polish gaming branch should increase by 5,4% until 2018.
From the available data 4,4 m illion Polish people in 2015 were the active users o f the
Internet, w here 12,3 m illion used com puter games. M ore than one h alf o f gam ers (52% ) in
Poland spent m oney on gam es, on average 63,74 USD per year, buying games legally in
a traditional and digital way as well. The Polish gamers most frequently play on com puters
(98% o f players) and 70% o f players uses mobile phones. Tablets and portable consoles are
am ong the popular devices and they are used by 20% o f players. O f greatest popularity in
Poland are social and casual gam es (there are 12 m illion people playing, with the m ost
popular gam es being D iam ond D ash and Farm ville). Smartphones, due to their m ore and
m ore specialized m odels and the w idening o f broadband Internet coverage, are used by
5,6 m illion people, w hile desktop consoles o f the PS3 or Xbox 360 type are used by
6,2 m illion players.4
3 N ew zoo research com pany researches and analyzes the com puter games m arket. The data accessible at:
w w w .new zoo.com , 9.11.2015.
4 The data accessible at: http://polygam ia.p1/Polygam ia/l,107162,15330472,G ra_juz_13_4_m iliona_Polakow
Jestesm y_pecetow a_potega.htm l, 10.11.2015.
The use o f m odem means.
149
E -ad m in istration
Electronic adm inistration is based on the use o f inform ation and telecom m unication
technologies in public adm inistration in order to achieve better accessibility and to introduce
im provements
in
the
process
o f delivery
o f public
services.
The
advantages
of
e-adm inistration5 are among others:
-
the organizational im provem ents, m odernization and optim ization o f administrative
processes from a perspective o f the increase in effectiveness,
-
standardization o f e-adm inistration system s within the fram ework o f EU countries,
-
the sim pler access to services for disabled people,
-
the cheapest and the m ost effective m ethod for citizens to access public information,
the accessibility on the Internet (24 hours a day, 7 days a week) and the possibility to
check the status o f the m atter in any place and at any time,
-
the sm aller probability o f m aking a m istake (the autom ation o f processes eliminates
the hum an factor).
Examples o f e-adm inistration in Poland:
-
ePUAP — Electronic Platform o f Public A dm inistration Services (Elektroniczna
Platforma Usług Adm inistracji Publicznej) - provides services to the general public
by electronic means,
-
e-signature,
-
Public Procurem ent System - Central Portal (System Zam ówień Publicznych - Portal
Centralny),
-
European
Docum ent
Exchange
System
-
Poland
(Elektroniczna
W ymiana
Dokumentów - Polska (EW D-P)),
-
Electronic identification o f citizens (electronic identification, project PESEL 2).
In 2014, 92,4% o f com panies in Poland used e-adm inistration services at least in one o f
the described above areas (obtaining inform ation, dow nloading forms and sending filled out
forms). Almost 92% o f the sam pled com panies sent filled out forms, 83% o f com panies used
the Internet to download the forms and in 56% o f the companies the adm inistrative
procedures were run using electronic means. In Poland in 2014, individuals using the public
administration services by the Internet accounted for 27% o f the population between 16 and
74 years old. The e-adm inistration was used m ost frequently to browse through information
on the public adm inistration websites; the least frequently used service was the sending o f
filled out forms.
5 cf. http://w ww.eadm inistracja.pl/.
K. W arzecha. M. O dlanicka-Poczobutt
150
E - health
There are tools and services using inform ation and com m unication technologies (ICT)
which can im prove prevention, diagnostics, treatm ent, monitoring and m anagem ent in health
care services. There are tools or solutions that include products, systems and services for
authorities and em ployees o f health care for the purpose o f individual patients and citizens’
needs (e.g. the services w ithin the scope o f tele-health care, applications used to m onitor the
health condition, portals dedicated to health). The implementation o f electronic m edical
docum entation (e-prescription, e-referral, e-doctor’s leave, e-order) makes adm inistrative
custom er service easier and m ore econom ical. The introduction o f inform ation technology
into health care and the increase in e-services contributes to developm ent o f the electronic
sector o f the econom y and to the creation o f new places o f work.
N ational e-health projects in Poland (M inistry o f Health):
-
Electronic Platform for Collection, A nalysis and Sharing o f Digital M edical Records
(P I) (Elektroniczna Platform a Grom adzenia, Analizy i Udostępniania Zasobów
C yfrow ych o Zdarzeniach M edycznych (P 1)).
The m ain aim o f the project is the creation o f an electronic platform o f public services in
the scope o f health care which w ill enable public adm inistration bodies and citizens to gather,
analyze and process data o f m edical records m ade available to every citizen (either citizens o f
Poland, the European U nion or o f other countries) who made use o f health care services in
Poland. The im plem entation o f PI Project will contribute to the increase o f health aw areness
o f patients by the availability o f data on their own health condition, m edical records, medical
procedures that w ere used, and prescribed medicines. Patients will regularly obtain
information about necessary preventive exam inations in their individual inbox o f their Patient
Internet A ccount (Internetow e Konto Pacjenta (IKP)). The patient and the doctor as w ell will
have access to m edical record and the results o f exam inations which will advance the
diagnosis and the choice over the effective treatm ent. Electronic prescription provides better
quality custom er service since it elim inates m istakes when prescriptions are handwritten.
M oreover, the database o f medicines and the therapeutic guide will be o f help to the doctors.
-
Platform for sharing services and resources o f digital m edical records with on-line
businesses (P2) (Platform a udostępniania on-line przedsiębiorstw om usług i zasobów
cyfrow ych rejestrów m edycznych (P2)).
This is an inform ation technology tool used to keep registers, provide electronic services
and to ensure an optim al level o f safety.
-
Operational Program m e - Digital Poland 2014 - 2020.
The use o f modem means.
151
This is a national program m e in scope o f w hich investm ents and activities connected with
health will be supported:
-
the expansion o f access to broadband netw orks, com m on access to fast Internet and
the developm ent o f services based on ICT (e.g.: e-adm inistration6, e-integration,
e-culture, e-health care, e-registration), electronic card o f health insurance, electronic
medical records o f patients,
-
supporting telemedicine: consultation betw een doctors, contact between patient and
doctor, the developm ent o f digital applications supporting the monitoring o f health
condition, illness prevention, creation o f the Telem edic Platform o f M inistry o f
Health,
-
e-blood - introduction o f inform ation technology to public blood services and
increasing the supervision over the Centre o f Blood Donation.
In Poland, people using the Internet in cases related to health browse for inform ation
about themselves. The percentage o f such people reached 38,9% in 2015. The respondents
used the Internet on rare occasions to order health related products (3,8% ) and to m ake an
appointm ent with a doctor (4,3% ) (Central Statistical Office o f Poland (GUS) 2015).7
2.2. T h e threats as a resu lt o f tech n o lo g ica l ad van ce, p o p u la riza tio n o f com m u n ication
and the Internet
In tern et crim e
UN defines com puter crimes as: illegal procedures made with the use o f electronic
operations, aimed against the safety o f com puter system s and processed by databases,
including illegal possession, making the inform ation public and distributing the information
with the use o f systems or com puter netw orks (m ore inform ation:8).
Cybercrime is defined as “forbidden action com m itted in cyber space”9.
The kinds o f cybercrimes are as follows:
-
cyberbullying - the use o f violence through persecuting, intimidating, plaguing and
deriding people with the use o f the Internet or a mobile phone (SMS, e-mails,
discussion forum, social netw ork portals),
-
cyberstalking - is plaguing or torm enting o f individuals or groups o f people or whole
organizations with the use o f the internet, false accusations, illegal monitoring,
6 Odlanicka-Poczobutt M.: Rola technologii inform acyjno-kom unikacyjnych (ICT) w sądownictwie pow szech­
nym - wyzwania i możliwości, [w:] Buko J. (red.): Ekonom iczno-społeczne i techniczne wartości w gospo­
darce opartej na wiedzy. Zeszyty N aukow e, N r 808, tom II. U niw ersytet Szczeciński, Szczecin 2014, s. 93­
101.
7 Społeczeństwo informacyjne w Polsce 2015, GUS (http://stat.gov.pl).
8 Suchorzewska A.: Ochrona prawna system ów inform atycznych w obec zagrożeń cybertcrroryzmem. Oficyna
W olters Kluwer business, W arszaw a 2010.
9 Polityka ochrony cyberprzestrzeni Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej. W arszawa, 25.06.2013.
K. W arzecha. M. O dlanicka-Poczobutt
152
threats, identity theft, damage o f equipm ent or data, inflicting oneself w ith sexual
intentions and gathering inform ation about the aggrieved party in order to torm ent this
person,
-
grooming - the actions taken with the use o f the Internet by an adult person in order
to make friends and establish em otional connection with a child and finally in order to
sexually abuse the child,
-
cyberpom ography and cyberterrorism ,
-
phishing (passw ord harvesting fishing - obtaining passwords) - in other w ords
obtaining confidential inform ation from the individual person (e.g.: login, the cash
m achine PIN, credit card num ber) pretending to be a trustworthy person (e.g.: bank
employee),
-
SM iShing (SM S phishing) - sending text m essages to a victim with the instructions
for actions that should be made on a website which later will cause the unw anted
installation o f m alw are on the computer,
-
pharm ing - redirection o f the Internet user to a fabricated website (very sim ilar to the
real bank or online shop website) in order to gain data and to steal m oney from the
bank account,
-
Internet fraud and com puter hacking,
-
telecom m unication crim es (e.g.: cloning IM EI num bers o f m obile phones),
-
hacking e-mail accounts and profiles on social networks, pretending to be the owner
o f the account.10
The am ount o f crim e connected with m odem technologies and fraud inside networks in
Poland is shown in Figure 1. As it is shown in Figure 1, during the last 8 years the am ount o f
Internet crime has increased 5 times (crime rose year by year, on average, by about 1,943
incidents) including Internet fraud (increasing year by year, on average, by about 1,533
incidents). A ccording to Polish police, the am ount o f cybercrime will increase in connection
to the growing num ber o f Internet users.
There are m ore and m ore sellers who offer various goods and services via Internet. Illegal
Internet trade is grow ing and it is am ong others: drugs and arms trafficking, designer drugs or
endangered species o f anim al trade.11 The Internet websites contain materials and contents
connected with pedophilia, instigation to terrorist actions. There are m ass attacks on
information systems, institutions and individuals. A ccording to police statistics, the theft o f
physical mobile phones are less frequently the subject o f crime since they are now available
at reasonable prices and they are no longer objects desired by the thieves. The am ount o f theft
10 Czyżak M.: Cyberprzestępczość a rozwój społeczeństw a informacyjnego, Pluciński M. (ed.). Zeszyty
Naukowe, No. 852, s. E konom iczne Problem y U sług, No. 117. U niwersytet Szczeciński, Szczecin 2015.
11 Ibidem.
The use o f m odem means.
153
o f personal possessions in 2012 com pared to 2005 was down alm ost by half. This was
a gradual year by year decrease (between 2005 and 2012 declining by about 5,600 incidents
each year).
*Thc theft of someone clse’s possession including crimes where a mobile phone was the main object o f the crime
(although not necessarily the only one)
Fig. 1. The number of Internet crimes, Internet fraud incidents and thefts of someone else’s possession
in Poland between 2005- 2012
Rys. 1. Liczba przestępstw w sieci, oszustw i kradzieży cudzej rzeczy w Polsce w latach 2005- 2012
Source: Own work.
T h e threats o f In tern et and m obile p h on e ad diction
M obile phones and com puters with Internet have access becam e indispensable equipm ent
and the m ain m eans o f com m unication o f m odem man due to their affordable price.
Prolonged surfing o f the Internet or using m obile phones in connection to web brow sing leads
to negative changes in a teenager’s m ind and may lead to addiction. Research made by
Rutland12 and his team on a group o f students showed that there are people addicted to
sending text messages in such a w ay that they were even w riting messages to themselves.
According to L u 13 and his team, 3,1% o f m en and 5,4% o f women in Japan are close to
becom ing addicted to sending text m essages from their mobile phones. However, other
research conducted by H a14 and his team show that there are people who pathologically buy
new models o f mobile phones which enter the m arket. The pathological use o f m obile phones
12 Rutland J.B., Sheets T., Young T.: Developm ent o f a scale to m easure problem use o f short message service:
the SMS problem use diagnostic questionnaire. “CyberPsychology & Behavior”, No. 10, 2007.
13 Lu X., W atanabe J., Liu Q., Uji M., Shono M., K itam ura T.: Internet and mobile phone text-m essaging
dependency: Factor structure and correlation with dysphoric m ood among Japanese adults. “Com put Human
Behavior”, Vol. 27(5), 2 0 1 1.
14 Ha J.H., Chin B., Prk D.H., Ryu S.H., Y u J.: Characteristics o f excessive cellular phone use in Korean
adolescents. “CyberPsychology & Behavior”, N o. 11, 2008.
154
K. W arzecha. M. O dlanicka-Poczobutt
in Italy is visible in 6,3% o f teenagers15 and in 20% o f Spanish teenagers betw een 13-20
years old, including 26,1% o f women and 13% o f m en.16 W hen it com es to British teenagers,
10% o f those betw een the age 11-18 pathologically uses mobile phones.17 On the basis o f the
author’s own research18 on a group o f 319 o f Silesian students with a given criteria for being
at risk o f addiction and being addicted to using mobile phones, one out o f four persons
fulfilled the criteria; w hile the criteria for being addicted to the Internet w ere fulfilled by
2,2% o f respondents, and 42% o f respondents w ere at risk o f addiction to using the Web.
Dividing the group according to sex, 29% o f women and 22% o f m en were at threat o f being
addicted or were addicted to using mobile phones, and 42% o f w om en and 58% o f m en were
at threat o f being addicted or they were addicted to the Internet. On the basis o f Paw low ska
and Potem bska’s research about 3% o f Polish young people betw een 13-24 years old
(including 2,9% o f wom en and 2,5% o f men) fulfill the criteria o f being addicted to mobile
phones, 3,5% o f respondents fulfill the criteria o f being addicted to the Internet and 34% o f
respondents w ere at risk o f being addicted to the Internet.19 The research indicates that the
problem atic use o f m obile phones is connected with young age, extroversion, low level o f
amicability and a high level o f depression.20
15 M artinotti G., V illella C., Di Thiene D. et al.: Problem atic m obile phone use in adolescence: a cross-sectional
study. “Journal Public H ealth”, Vol. 19(6), 2011.
16 Sanchez-M artinez M ., Otero A.: Factors associated with cell phone use in adolescents in the com m unity o f
M adrid (Spain), “ CyberPsychology & Behavior” , Vol. 12(2), 2009.
17 L opez-Fcm andez O., H onrubia-Serrano L., Freixa-Blanxart M., Gibson W .: Prevalence o f Problem atic
M obile Phone U se in British Adolescents. “Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social N etw orking” , Vol. 17(2),
2014.
18 W arzecha K.: Internet w życiu współczesnego studenta. Cele i intensyw ność korzystania a zagrożenie
uzależnieniem , [w:] Buko J. (ed.): Ekonom iczno-społeczne i techniczne wartości w gospodarce opartej na
wiedzy. Zeszyty N aukow e, No. 809, s. Ekonom iczne Problem y Usług, No. 113, tom II. U niw ersytet
Szczeciński, Szczecin 2014; W arzecha K.: Telefon kom órkowy w kom unikacji i edukacji śląskich studentów
[w:] Cyfryzacja i wirtualizacja gospodarki, Pluciński M. (ed.). Zeszyty Naukowe, No. 852, s. Ekonom iczne
Problem y Usług, No. 117. U niw ersytet Szczeciński, Szczecin 2015; W arzecha K.: A ktywność wykazyw ana
w sieci przez śląskich studentów niezagrożonych i zagrożonych uzależnieniem od Internetu - analiza
statystyczna, Barczak A.S., W arzecha K. (red.). Studia Ekonomiczne. Z eszyty Naukow e, N o. 220.
U niw ersytet Ekonom iczny, Katowice 2015.
19 Pawłowska B., Potem bska E.: Objawy zagrożenia i uzależnienia od telefonu kom órkowego m ierzonego
K w estionariuszem do Badania Uzależnienia od Telefonu Kom órkowego, autorstw a Potem bskiej i
Pawłowskiej u m łodzieży w w ieku do 13 do 24 lat. „Curr. Probl. Psychiatry”, Vol. 12(4), 2011.
20 Izdebski P., Kotyśko M.: Personality variables and depression as determ inants o f problem atic use o f m obile
phones in Poland. “Polish Journal Appl. Psychol.”, No. 11, 2013.
The use o f m odem means.
155
3. Conclusions
The m odem means o f com m unication used in various spheres o f socio-econom ic life give
opportunities for socio-econom ic developm ent, yet they can also be treated as a threat.
The ICT solutions are very attractive as regards the econom ic factors which leave great
reserves resulting from the opportunity to use integrated inform ation distribution and to
m anage it effectively. The interlinking o f many software program s leads to lowering the cost
o f m any associated tasks and processes, as is the case for functioning o f the e-adm inistration
and e-health care platforms. M obile applications are replacing traditional ways to transfer
knowledge. E- and m -leam ing are innovative and m odem forms o f teaching which are
gaining more and more supporters.
The proper developm ent o f the e-econom y is dependent upon many external factors,
including the pathological phenom enon - cybercrime. Cybercrim e has a negative im pact on
the general financial results o f com panies, trade, com petitiveness and innovation. The actual
scale o f this phenom enon is difficult to determ ine because o f the various forms o f crim inal
activity. The w orld’s economic loss caused by cybercrime was estim ated at 445 billion USD,
which results in a decline o f GDP at the level o f 0,9% in developed countries and the loss o f
150,000 work positions in the European Union in 2013.21
The m odem means o f com m unication are as well a threat resulting from the im proper and
dysfunctional w ay o f using them. In m odem times it is very important to m onitor the
exploited use o f m odem means o f com m unication in populations which are at risk (young
people in particular who frequently spend many hours talking on the phone or using the
phone to su rf the Internet, playing games and spending tim e on social networks). It is
necessary to educate young people, their parents and guardians that a com puter and a mobile
phone, with access to the Internet in particular, can play a useful role, and that applications
(which are widely available) and com puter program s can be used to broaden knowledge and
to facilitate the lives o f young people in the m odem world.
21 445 mid dolarów strat z powodu cyberprzestępczości (445 billion U SD loss because o f cybercrim e),
www.ekonom ia.rp.pl, 21.06.2014.
K. W arzecha. M. O dlanicka-Poczobutt
156
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