114 Obminski.qxp - Medycyna Sportowa

Transkrypt

114 Obminski.qxp - Medycyna Sportowa
Medycyna Sportowa
© MEDSPORTPRESS, 2008; 3(6); Vol. 24, 171-176
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Zak³ad Endokrynologii, Instytut Sportu, Warszawa
Zak³ad Fizjologii, Instytut Sportu, Warszawa
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Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw
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Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw
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STʯENIA MLECZANU WE KRWI PO WALKACH
JUDO U ZAWODNIKÓW I ZAWODNICZEK.
RÓZNICE MIÊDZY P£CIAMI
Author’s Contribution
A – Study Design
B – Data Collection
C – Statistical Analysis
D – Data Interpretation
E – Manuscript Preparation
F – Literature Search
G – Funds Collection
S³owa kluczowe: judo, mleczan, zawody, p³eæ
Key words: judo, lactate, competition, gender
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CAPILLARY BLOOD LACTATE LEVELS AFTER JUDO MATCHES
IN MALE AND FEMALE COMPETITORS. GENDER RELATED
DIFFERENCES
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Wstêp. Stê¿enie mleczanu we krwi (LA) uwa¿a siê za wskaŸnik intensywnoœci wysi³ku i szybkoœci glikolizy w miêœniach. Nasze badania podjêliœmy w celu okreœlenia zakresu stê¿eñ mleczanu po oficjalnej walce judo w odniesieniu od p³ci i czasu trwania wysi³ku.
Materia³ i metody. Ca³e badanie przeprowadzono w okresie 1995-2007 wœród sportowców bior¹cych udzia³ w jednodniowych Warszawskich Turniejach Judo. W badaniach tych brali udzia³. najlepsi polscy sportowcy obu p³ci, z wy³¹czeniem zawodników wagi ciê¿kiej. Wiêkszoœæ z nich by³a badana wielokrotnie we wspomnianym okresie. Od sportowców pobierano
przed walkami (-5 min.) i po walkach (+3 min) krew kapilarn¹ z p³atka ucha. Po ka¿dej pierwszej walce turnieju pobrano te¿ krew w 30 minucie powysi³kowej odnowy. Ca³kowita liczba obserwacji (walki x osoby) wynosi³a 135 i 121 odpowiednio w grupie mê¿czyzn i kobiet.
Wyniki. U mê¿czyzn odnotowano wy¿szy 26% (p<0.001) œredni powysi³kowy LA ni¿
u kobiet. W obu grupach ³¹cznie powysi³kowy LA korelowa³ dodatnio (p<0.001, r=0722)
z czasem trwania pierwszej walki. W kolejnych walkach znacz¹c¹ (p<0.001) korelacjê odnotowano pomiêdzy czasem trwania wysi³ku a powysi³kowym LA (r=0.549) i miêdzy
przed i po wysi³kowym LA (r=0.408).
Wnioski. Wyniki naszych badañ ujawni³y wp³yw czasu trwania walki judo na powysi³kowy LA, zale¿n¹ od p³ci ró¿nicê miêdzy powysi³kowym LA, oraz nagromadzenie we krwi
LA przed walkami fina³owych.
Summary
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Background. Blood lactate level (LA) is considered a marker of exercise intensity and
muscle glycolysis. Our study was undertaken to determine blood lactate levels following
official judo matches in relation to exertion duration and competitors' gender.
Material and methods. The whole study was carried out over the period of 19952007, among athletes taking part in one-day Warsaw Judo Tournaments. Polish elite male and female judo players, except heavy weight category athletes, took part in the study.
Most of them were examined several times within the above mentioned period. The subjects had their capillary blood sampled from the earlobe -5 min prior to the matches (-5min)
and following the matches (+ 3min). After every first match of the tournament, blood was
also sampled within a 30-minute recovery period. The overall number of observations
(matches x subjects) among males and females was 135 and 127 respectively.
Results. The males demonstrated a higher 26% (p<0.001) post-exertion mean blood lactate level compared to the females. Both for the males and females, the post-exercise LA values correlated significantly (p<0.001, r=0.722) with the duration of the first
match. For successive matches, significant correlations (p<0.001) were found between
the duration of match and postexercise LA values (r=0.549), as well as between the prematch and postmatch LA values (r=0.408).
Conclusions. The results of our study showed the effect of match duration on postmatch LA values, gender-related difference in postmatch values of blood LA concentration
prior to the final matches.
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Adres do korespondencji / Address for correspondence
dr Zbigniew Obmiñski
Zak³ad Endokrynologii, Instytut Sportu
01-982 Warszawa, ul. Trylogii 2/16, tel./fax: (0-22) 834-95-07, e-mail: [email protected]
Otrzymano / Received
Zaakceptowano / Accepted
12.11.2007 r.
25.02.2008 r.
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Zbigniew Obmiñski1(A,C,D,E,F), Lech Borkowski2(A,B,D),
Janina Starczewska-Czapowska2(A,B,D)
Zaanga¿owanie Autorów
A – Przygotowanie projektu
badawczego
B – Zbieranie danych
C – Analiza statystyczna
D – Interpretacja danych
E – Przygotowanie manuskryptu
F – Opracowanie piœmiennictwa
G – Pozyskanie funduszy
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ARTYKU£ ORYGINALNY / ORIGINAL ARTICLE
171
Background
W ci¹gu ostatniej dekady badano fizjologiczne reakcje na wysi³ki wykonywane przez zawodników
sportów walki w czasie zawodów. Uwaga badaczy
skupi³a siê na judo i zapasach, dwóch dyscyplinach
sportu, które w przeciwieñstwie do boksu czy taekwondo anga¿uj¹ miêœnie koñczyn dolnych, górnych i tu³owia do wykonywania maksymalnych, beztlenowych wysi³ków w ci¹gu kilku minut.
Stê¿enia mleczanu we krwi (LA) by³y czêsto badane w trakcie zawodów, poniewa¿ parametr ten ma
wartoœæ diagnostyczn¹ przy ocenie udzia³u anaerobowych procesów uwalniania energii pochodz¹cej
z glikolizy. Badania w zapasach (styl klasyczny) ujawni³y, ¿e w czasie zawodów wysokiej rangi na typow¹
walkê przypada³y okresy braku fizycznej aktywnoœci
(o ca³kowitym czasie trwania 110 s), a ³¹czny czas fizycznej aktywnoœci wynosi³ 317vs. Poniewa¿ ca³kowity czas walk jest zró¿nicowany, wiêc powysi³kowe
LA s¹ równie¿ ró¿ne. Ich wartoœæ waha siê od 6.9
do 20.6 mmol/L [1]. Wprawdzie typ wysi³ków obu stylów w zapasach (klasyczny i wolny) jest prawie ten
sam, ale nieco wy¿szy œredni LA pod koniec wysi³ku
odnotowano w zapasach w stylu klasycznym (14.8)
ni¿ w stylu wolnym (12.5 mmol/L) [1,2]. W przeciwieñstwie do tego, piêæ zapaœniczych walk, ka¿da
o nieprzerwanym 5-minutowym wysi³ku, spowodowa³o znacznie wy¿sze LA (od 20.0 do 17.1 mmol/L), odpowiednio po pierwszej i po pi¹tej walce [3]. To porównanie mo¿e sugerowaæ, ¿e przerwy w czasie oficjalnej walki odgrywaj¹ podobn¹ fizjologiczn¹ rolê,
co krótkotrwa³e okresy powysi³kowej restytucji, tj. promuj¹ czêœciow¹ normalizacjê LA. Podobnie jak w zapasach, oficjalna 5-minutowa walka judo mo¿e zakoñczyæ siê przed czasem, gdy jeden z zawodników
osi¹gnie ogromn¹ przewagê nad swoim przeciwnikiem lub gdy jeden z nich wykona akcjê zwan¹ rzutem ippon, daj¹c¹ mu zwyciêstwo.
Zachowanie LA po walkach judo by³o badane
przez wielu autorów. Franchini i wsp. zauwa¿yli, ¿e
w czasie aktywnej restytucji po walce judo szybkoϾ
normalizacji LA jest wiêksza, ale rodzaj restytucji nie
wp³ywa³ na poziom wykonania anaerobowej próby
wysi³kowej [4]. Serrano i wsp. odnotowali dodatni¹
korelacjê pomiêdzy ca³kowit¹ ocen¹ wysi³ku (rating
perceived exertion) w czasie zawodów judo a maksymalnym odnotowanym poziomem LA [5]. Badania
Sbiccoliego i wsp. wykaza³y, ¿e w³oscy olimpijczycy
judo (mê¿czyŸni i kobiety) uzyskali ni¿sze œrednie LA
po teœcie Wingate (6.9 i 6.1 mmmo/L) ni¿ po 5-minutowej testowej walce (9.9 i 9.2 mmol/L) [6], jednak te
wyniki, w porównaniu do uzyskanych przez innych,
wydaj¹ siê bardzo zani¿one.
Mo¿na spekulowaæ, ¿e krótkotrwa³e przerwy przedzielaj¹ce pojedyncze akcje w walce judo (np. na poprawienie stroju) s¹ wykorzystywane przez zmêczonych zawodników na odpoczynek i uniemo¿liwiaj¹
osi¹gniecie wy¿szych LA. Tê sugestie wzmacnia czêsto obserwowane pasywne zachowanie zmêczonych
zawodników w czasie koñcowych turniejowych walk.
To zmêczenie jest prawdopodobnie spowodowane
g³êbokimi, metabolicznymi zmianami w miêœniach,
bardzo wysokim stê¿eniem jonów H+ wraz z jednoczesnym obni¿eniem poziomu PCr (fosfokreatyny)
do 30-35% wartoœci spoczynkowej, co jest przyczyn¹
spadku mocy pod koniec wysi³ku. W konsekwencji,
Physiological responses to exertion in combat
sport athletes during matches have been widely explored over the last decade. Attention was mainly focused on judo and wrestling, two sports, which unlike
boxing or taekwondo, engage muscles of the lower
and upper limbs and the trunk in maximal anaerobic
exertions in a few minutes. Concentrations of blood
lactate (LA) levels were extensively examined during
competitions, since in anaerobic exertion this parameter is informative in evaluation of the role of energy
derived from glycolysis. The studies on wrestling
(Greco-Roman style) revealed that during high rank
competition, a typical wrestling contest consisted of
physically inactive periods of average overall duration of 110 s and active wrestling actions of total duration of 317 seconds. Since the duration of each wrestling match is different, post-exercise LA values vary
as well. They range from 6.9 to 20.6 mmol/L and the
higher LA is usually found following longer matches
[1]. The type of exercise performed in the two styles
of wrestling is almost the same, however, somewhat
higher mean end-match LA values were noted for
Greco-Roman style (14.8) compared to free style
(12.5 mmol/L) [1,2]. Contrary to these five wrestling
matches, each of them involved an uninterrupted 5minutes' exertion during a simulated wrestling tournament, which resulted in markedly higher mean LA
values, ranging from 20.0 to 17.1 mmol/l following the
first and fifth exertion respectively [3]. That comparison may imply that the effect physiological of interruptions during an official match is similar to that of
short lasting post-exercise recovery i.e. promoting
partial LA recovery during exercise performance.
Likewise, in wrestling, an official judo match lasting 5 min., excluding intermissions, may come to the
end before the scheduled time, when one competitor reaches huge predominance over his or her opponent, or when one of them makes the most spectacular throw named ippon making the competitor win.
LA behaviour following judo matches was investigated by several authors. Franchini E et al. reported [4]
that during active recovery of post 5-min judo combat
the test rate of LA removal was higher than during the
passive one, but the type of recovery did not affect
anaerobic task performance [4]. Serrano MA et al.
reported a positive correlation between the overall
perceived exertion during judo competition and the
maximal recorded LA value [5]. The study by Sbriccoli P et al., who examined Italian Olympic male and
female judo players during a laboratory anaerobic test
(Wingate 30 s) and a 5-minute combat test, showed
lower post Wingate mean LA (6.9 and 6.1mmol/L) values than those obtained after a 5-min combat test
(9.9 and 9.2 mmol/L) [6]. These results compared
with those reported by other authors seem to be
markedly underestimated.
One may speculate that short-lasting interruptions
separating single judo actions during a match (for
instance to correct the uniform) may be utilised by
a fatigued judo player to take a rest and make it
impossible to reach a higher blood lactate level. This
hypothesis is supported by a frequently observed passive behaviour of competitors at the end of longer
matches in their final round. The fatigue is probably
caused by deep metabolic changes in skeletal mus-
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Obmiñski Z. i wsp., Miêdzyp³ciowe ró¿nice w stê¿eniu mleczanu po walkach judo
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cles, similar to those recorded following supra maximal exertion and very high intracellular level of H +
ions (pH<6.5) combined with the decrease in PCr
level to 30-35% of the resting value, that contribute to
post-exercise decline of power output. In consequence, slower motions and worse coordination can sometimes be observed at the end of a longer, exhausting judo match. The goal of this study was determination of blood lactate level following the first, and
subsequent matches in male and female judo competitors during 1-day judo tournaments.
Materia³ i metody
Material and methods
Badanie to obejmuje obserwacje poziomu mleczanu we krwi po walkach judo u seniorów zawodników i zawodniczek ró¿nych kategorii wagowych z wy³¹czeniem kategorii ciê¿kiej. Badani zawodnicy brali
udzia³ w turniejach warszawskich w latach 1996-2007.
Mê¿czyŸni startowali w 138, a kobiety w 121 walkach.
Krew kapilarn¹ z p³atka ucha pobierano w kapilarn¹
szklan¹ rurkê i LA oznaczano w warunkach polowych
zaraz po pobraniu zestawem Dr LANGE (GERMANY). Krew zbierano wg schematu: po rozgrzewce,
przed (-5 min) walk¹, po (+3 min) walce, a nastêpnie
pó³ godziny po walce. W czasie kolejnych walk krew
pobierano jedynie przed i po walce. Obie grupy rozegra³y w turniejach ³¹cznie 92 pierwsze walki (mê¿czyŸni n=43, kobiety n=43) i 167 kolejnych (od II do
V) walk (mê¿czyŸni n=89, kobiety n=78).
This study includes monitoring of post-exercise
blood lactate levels in senior judo players of various
weight categories excluding participants of heavy
weight category. Judo players took part in International Warsaw Judo Tournaments on the period 19962007. The males played 138, and females 121 matches. Capillary blood from earlobe was taken into
a glass capillary tube and LA was measured by DR
LANGE commercial kit, GERMANY, in field conditions
and immediately after sampling. The time points of
blood sampling were as follows: First matches: after
the warm-up, prior to (-5 min) exertion, +3 min after
exertion and afterwards, within +30 min of recovery.
During subsequent matches blood was taken only
prior to post events at the same time points as
before. Both sexes played 92 first matches (males:
n=49, females: n=43), and 167 subsequent matches
(males: n=89, females: n=78). LA was measured by
DR LANGE commercial kit, GERMANY.
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Results
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The results of LA measurements are presented in
Table 1.
Male competitors who obtained 138 post-exertion
results, demonstrated significantly (p<0.001) higher
(by 26%) mean post-exercise LA values compared
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Tab. 1. Œrednie wartoœci i odchylenia standardowe oraz zakres stê¿eñ mleczanu we krwi (LA) po walkach judo (pierwszych i kolejnych w turniejach judo) u zawodników i zawodniczek judo
Tab. 1. Mean values and standard deviations with the range of blood lactate levels (LA) following judo matches (first
and successive of the judo tournaments) in elite male and female judo athletes
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Wyniki pomiarów LA zamieszczono w Tabeli 1.
Mê¿czyŸni rozegrali ³¹cznie 138 walk i wykazali
znacz¹co wy¿szy (p<0.001) o 26% powysi³kowy LA
ni¿ kobiety, które rozegra³y 121 walk. Bior¹c do porównañ wyniki obu grup ³¹cznie wykazano, ¿e przed
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Wyniki
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pod koniec d³u¿szej i wyczerpuj¹cej walce obserwuje siê wolniejsze ruchy i gorsz¹ koordynacjê.
Celem badañ by³o okreœlenie poziomu mleczanów we krwi (po pierwszej i po kolejnych walkach)
u zawodników i zawodniczek judo po jednodniowym
turnieju.
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Obmiñski Z. et al., Between gender differences in lactate concentration after judo fights
173
to the females (n=121).As for the total results, the LA
(n=92) was significantly (p<0.005) lower prior to the
first match than prior to subsequent matches
(n=167). For all matches and for both sexes (n=259)
LA significantly correlated with match duration (p<
0.001, r=0.686). For the first (n=92) and successive
(167) matches, correlations were also highly significant (p<0.001) and the coefficients of correlation
amounted to 0.722 and 0.549. LA values obtained
prior to and after successive matches also correlated
(p<0.005, r=0.408). The level of post or pre-exercise
LA was not related to winning or losing.
Dyskusja
Discussion
Przemiany energetycznych substratów w miêœniach
i szybkoœæ glikolizy wywo³ana wysi³kiem beztlenowym u ludzi by³y szeroko badane. U studentów (mê¿czyzn i kobiet) o tym samym poziomie wydolnoœci fizycznej, wykonuj¹cych beztlenowy 30-sekundowy
sprint, odnotowano podobny dla obu p³ci spadek stê¿eñ ATP (o 50%), PCr (o 83%) i glikogenu (o 35%)
we w³óknach miêœni typu II. Ni¿szy, lecz równie¿ niezale¿ny od p³ci spadek stê¿eñ tych substratów odnotowano we w³óknach typu I, podczas gdy LA we krwi
by³ u mê¿czyzn wy¿szy o 22% ni¿ u kobiet [7]. Wypada zauwa¿yæ, ¿e u obu p³ci powysi³kowy LA zale¿y
od rodzaju treningów. U kobiet o ró¿nej adaptacji do
krótkich, intensywnych wysi³ków, po wykonaniu testu
Wingate LA wynosi³y œrednio 14.8, 13. i 11.2 mmol/L,
odpowiednio u sprinterek, trenuj¹cych wytrzyma³oœæ
i tych, które nie trenuj¹ [8]. Ró¿nice te s¹ zgodne
z wynikami eksperymentu Webera i Schenejdera [9],
którzy badali zmiany wydolnoœci beztlenowej w ci¹gu 8-tygodniowego okresu treningów o du¿ej intensywnoœci. Stosuj¹c test Wingate do oceny spodziewanej potreningowej poprawy wydolnoœci, odnotowano wzrost LA po teœcie wysi³kowym u mê¿czyzn i kobiet z wartoœci przed treningiem (14.3 i 11.5 mmol/L)
do wartoœci po treningu (15.8 i 12.7 mmol/L). Cytowane wy¿ej powysi³kowe wartoœci LA s¹ dwukrotnie
wy¿sze od powysi³kowych stê¿eñ odnotowanych
u zawodników i zawodniczek judo [6].
Wy¿sze u mê¿czyzn œrednie wartoœci LA odnotowano równie¿ w czasie wysi³ku submaksymalnego
(30 min, 60-65% VO2) i w czasie powysi³kowej restytucji [10]. Obserwowane ró¿nice miêdzy p³ciami prowokuj¹ do postawienia pytania o naturê tego zjawiska. Wydaje siê, ¿e zró¿nicowany rozk³ad w³ókien
miêœniowych ma udzia³ w obserwowanych ró¿nicach
miêdzy p³ciami. Wiadomo, ¿e rozk³ad trzech g³ównych
typów w³ókien (I, IIA i IIB) jest taki sam u kobiet i mê¿czyzn, ale pola przekroju poprzecznego tych w³ókien
s¹ wiêksze u mê¿czyzn [11]. Stanowi to dowód na
wzglêdnie wiêkszy udzia³ masy miêœni w ca³kowitym
ciê¿arze cia³a i mo¿e t³umaczyæ wiêksz¹ iloœæ mleczanu powsta³ego w pracuj¹cych miêœniach. Potwierdzenie znalaz³o to u zapaœników w badaniach Hübner-WoŸniak i wsp. [12], którzy odnotowali nieco wy¿sze
wartoœci LA u mê¿czyzn ni¿ u kobiet po Wingate wykonanym nogami (11.9 vs. 10.4) i podobne ró¿nice
miêdzy p³ciami po 30 s wysi³ku wykonanego rêkoma
(11.8 vs. 9.1 mmol/L). Z drugiej strony, gdy wyniki wyra¿ono jako stosunek LA/masa tkanki bezt³uszczowej, nie odnotowano ¿adnych ró¿nic miêdzy kobietami a mê¿czyznami.
The turnover of energetic muscle substrates and
the rate of glycolysis induced by anaerobic exertion
were widely studied in humans. In students, males
and females of the similar fitness level, undergoing
anaerobic 30s cycling sprint, similar for both sexes
decrease in ATP (by 50%), PCr (by 83%) and glycogen (by 35%) were found in type II muscle fibres.
A lower, but also non sex-dependent decrease mentioned substrates were noted in type
I fibres, while blood lactate were levels was higher by 22% in males [7]. It was found, that post-anaerobic LA in both sexes depended on the type of training. In females with different adaptation level to short
intensive exercise, the mean post-Wingate LA values
were 14.8, 13.0 and 11.2 mmol/L for sprinters, endurance-trained athletes and untrained subjects respectively [8]. These differences are in agreement with
the results of the experiment conducted by Weber
and Schneider [9], who examined changes in anaerobic capacity over the 8-week period of high intensity training with intervals. Using Wingate-test for detection of the expected post-training improvement of
anaerobic performance, they revealed elevation of
post-Wingate peak LA values in males and females
from baseline values,14.3 and 11.5 to post training
ones, 15.8 and 12.7 mmol/L. These end-Wingate LA
levels are twofold higher than those found in judo
players [6]. A higher mean LA concentration was also
found in males during a submaximal exercise (30
min, 60-65% VO2) and recovery [10]. The observed
between sex differences in LA, following different efforts makes us ask the question regarding the nature
of that phenomenon. It seems, that differed distribution of different types of muscle fibres partly contributes to the observed differences. It is known that
the distribution of the three major types of muscle
fibres, I, IIA and IIB in males and females are the same,
but the cross-sectional areas of these fibres are higher
in men [11]. This is the evidence for a for relatively
higher contribution of muscle mass to total body weight
and may explain the higher amount of lactate generated by working muscle fibres. That has been confirmed
by Hûbner-WoŸniak et al. [12] who reported somewhat
higher post Wingate leg cycling LA in male than female
wrestles (11.9 vs 10.4 mmol/L), and similar sex-related
differences in LA following 30 s arm cranking (11.8 vs
9.1 mmol/L). On the other hand, when these results
were expressed as LA/ free fat mass ratio, no differences between sexes were noted.
The results of our study showed higher post-match
LA values following longer exertion. The same effect
was observed following wrestling matches of various
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walkami pierwszymi (n=92) LA by³ znacz¹co (p<0.005)
ni¿szy ni¿ przed kolejnymi (n=167) walkami. Dla
wszystkich walk i obu p³ci (n=259) LA znacz¹co korelowa³ z czasem trwania walki (p<0.001, r=0.686). Dla
pierwszych (n=92) i kolejnych (n=167) walk korelacje
LA/czas walki by³y równie¿ znacz¹ce (p<0.001) i wynosi³y odpowiednio 0.722 i 0.549. Przed i powysi³kowe
wartoœci LA dla kolejnych walk (n=167) by³y równie¿
znacz¹co skorelowane (p<0.005, r=0.408). Nie odnotowano zwi¹zku pomiêdzy przed i powysi³kowymi wartoœci LA a zwyciêstwem lub pora¿k¹ zawodników.
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Obmiñski Z. i wsp., Miêdzyp³ciowe ró¿nice w stê¿eniu mleczanu po walkach judo
174
duration [1], and laboratory anaerobic tests lasting 6
s and 30 s (5.4 vs. 12.3 mmol/L) [13]. It should be
considered, that single blood sampling in the third
minute of post-match recovery may not reveal the
real peak value of LA. That is brought about by delayed LA transport from muscles to blood, and individual the blood LA clearance rate. It was demonstrated, that in short-lasting vigorous exertion, the
peak of LA value occurred a few minutes following
effort termination, and the shift of LA peak with regard
to end of effort was related to the intensity [14] and
duration of exercise [15]. The experimental data
regarding LA dynamics over post-exertion recovery
are useful for working out a mathematical model of
lactate generation and removal [16]. The rate of lactate metabolism over a short-term recovery play an
important role especially during the rounds of final
matches. Our observations of LA accumulation due
to inadequate recovery period before final matches
do not allow us to arbitrate, whether the higher pre
finals LA values affect athletic outcome. The answer
to that question needs simultaneous examination of
pairs, competitors and their opponents. Hence, we
may only confirm the fact reported by Cinar et al. who
did not find any relationships between LA level and
winning or losing [2].
Wnioski
Conclusions
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1. Male judo competitors reach higher blood lactate
levels compared to female players during competition.
2. Over time course of one-day judo tournament
judo players who passed to final matches demonstrated accumulation of LA because of inadequate duration of post- exertion recovery
3. Post-match LA values are related to match duration.
us
1. Zawodnicy judo osi¹gaj¹ wy¿sze od zawodniczek
poziomy mleczanu po walce na zawodach.
2. W czasie jednodniowego turnieju judo zawodnicy,
którzy przeszli do rundy fina³owej, wykazuj¹ akumulacjê mleczanu we krwi z powodu zbyt krótkiego czasu powysi³kowej restytucji.
3. Powysi³kowe stê¿enia mleczanu s¹ odpowiednie
do czasu trwania walki judo.
ed
.
Prezentowane wyniki pokaza³y wy¿sze wartoœci
LA po d³u¿ej trwaj¹cych walkach. Ten sam efekt ujawniono po walkach zapaœniczych [1] oraz po laboratoryjnych testach trwaj¹cych 6 i 30 sekund (5.4 vs 12.3
mmol/L). Trzeba jednak wzi¹æ pod uwagê fakt, ¿e pojedyncze pobranie krwi w okresie 3 minut po walce
mo¿e nie ujawniæ rzeczywistej maksymalnej wartoœci
parametru. Jest to spowodowane opóŸnionym transportem mleczanu z miêœni do krwi oraz indywidualn¹
szybkoœci¹ jego usuwania z kr¹¿enia. Ujawniono, ¿e
po krótkich, intensywnych wysi³kach szczyt LA pojawia siê kilka minut po zakoñczeniu pracy i to wzglêdne opóŸnienie zale¿y do intensywnoœci [14] i czasu
trwania wysi³ku [15]. Eksperymentalne wyniki odnoœnie powysi³kowej dynamiki LA s¹ u¿yteczne dla tworzenia matematycznych modeli powstawania i usuwania ze krwi mleczanu [16]. Wydaje siê, ¿e szybkoœæ
metabolizmu mleczanu odgrywa wa¿n¹ rolê w rundzie walk fina³owych. Nasze obserwacje odnoœnie
akumulacji mleczanu jako efektu nieodpowiedniego
okresu restytucji przed walkami fina³owymi nie pozwalaj¹ stwierdziæ czy wy¿szy LA przed walk¹ fina³ow¹ wp³ywa na wynik sportowy. OdpowiedŸ na to pytanie wymaga jednoczesnego zbadania startuj¹cych
par, sportowców i ich rywali. St¹d mo¿emy tylko potwierdziæ fakty obserwowane przez Conar¹ i wsp.,
którzy nie wykazali zale¿noœci pomiêdzy LA a przegran¹ lub wygran¹ [2].
al
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