2. czasy przesz¸e - past tenses

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2. CZASY PRZESZ¸E - PAST TENSES
Past Simple
1. Zakoƒczone zdarzenia z przesz∏oÊci
Czas Past Simple s∏u˝y do opisywania pojedynczych zakoƒczonych
zdarzeƒ z przesz∏oÊci.
Brenda went to the shop and bought some bread.
2. Stany i czynnoÊci powtarzajàce si´ w przesz∏oÊci
Czasu Past Simple u˝ywamy do wyra˝enia stanów lub czynnoÊci, które
powtarza∏y si´ w przesz∏oÊci.
I always got up very early when I was a child.
She lived in Australia for many years.
Past Continuous
1. CzynnoÊci odbywajàce si´ w danym momencie
Czasu Past Continuous u˝ywamy do wyra˝enia czynnoÊci, które odbywa∏y si´ w danym okreÊlonym momencie w przesz∏oÊci, zacz´∏y si´
wczeÊniej i w danym momencie ju˝ trwa∏y.
Yesterday at seven I was having dinner.
This time last year he was working in Vienna.
2. CzynnoÊci trwajàce przez pewien czas, u˝ywane jako t∏o wydarzeƒ
Czas Past Continuous wyra˝a czynnoÊci ciàg∏e, trwajàce przez pewien
czas, na tle których zasz∏y inne wydarzenia.
That night was dark, it was raining heavily and a strong wind was
blowing.
I was walking down the street when suddenly somebody called from
behind me.
3. Formy grzecznoÊciowe
Czasu Past Continuous u˝ywa si´ nast´pujàcych wyra˝eniach aby
nadaç im ∏agodniejsze, mniej bezpoÊrednie, grzeczniejsze brzmienie:
I was wondering, I was hoping, I was thinking.
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Past Perfect
1. CzynnoÊci wczeÊniejsze od innych przesz∏ych czynnoÊci
Czasu Past Perfect u˝ywamy aby opisaç stany lub czynnoÊci, które
zasz∏y wczeÊniej, przed innymi zdarzeniami w przesz∏oÊci.
By the time he arrived at the office, his boss had already left.
Past Perfect Continuous
1. CzynnoÊci d∏u˝sze poprzedzajàce inne czynnoÊci
Czasu Past Perfect Continuous u˝ywamy do opisywania czynnoÊci,
które by∏y wykonywane przez d∏u˝szy czas i poprzedza∏y inne zdarzenia
w przesz∏oÊci.
He had been working for this company for 15 years before he was finally promoted.
Used to
Forma used to do sth. u˝ywana jest do wyra˝enia stanów, które trwa∏y
w przesz∏oÊci ale obecnie ju˝ nie trwajà, lub do wyra˝enia powtarzajàcych si´ czynnoÊci, cz´sto zwiàzanych z nawykami i zwyczajami, które
odbywa∏y si´ w przesz∏oÊci ale ju˝ si´ nie odbywajà.
I used to live in the country but now I live in a city.
He used to be a famous lawyer but he was debarred.
We didn’t use to spend our holidays abroad but now we do.
Would
Podobnie jak used to czasownik would w po∏aczeniu z
bezokolicznikiem s∏u˝y do wyra˝ania czynnoÊci, które powtarza∏y si´ w
przesz∏oÊci, natomiast nie mo˝e, w przeciwieƒstwie do formy used to
wyst´powaç z czasownikami, które oznaczajà stany np. to be, to have.
When I was a child, I would get up very early every morning, which
drove my parents crazy.
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Exercise 1.
Choose the most suitable tense. Wybierz odpowiedni czas.
1. My grandfather was living/lived in a small village at the seaside.
2. While Tanya was cooking/cooked dinner, the telephone was
ringing/rang.
3. Donald had visited/visited Japan before, so he knew how to behave.
4. He wanted to believe her but suspected she was lying/had been lying.
5. Although the weather was terrible, I enjoyed/was enjoying my holiday
in England.
6. Did you see/ Have you seen my keys anywhere? I can’t find them.
7. Did you meet/Have you met anyone interesting at the wedding?
8. She didn’t go to the meeting because nobody was telling/had told her
about it.
9. While I was peeling/peeled the potatoes, my husband was frying/fried
the fish.
10. I didn’t know you bought/had bought a new house.
Exercise 2.
Put each verb in brackets into the correct tense. Czasowniki w nawiasach
wstaw w odpowiednià form´ czasowà.
1. Who (drive) ................................ the car at the time of the accident?
2. How long is it since you last (go) ..................... to the dentist?
3. Recently my husband (decide) ................... that we (have) ..................
our little car for long enough and that we (need) ............. a new one.
4. Mark’s unexpected visit (annoy) ............. me because I (try) ...............
to go to sleep.
5. What (you do) ................... when he (tell) ............ you the news?
6. When I (be) ............ a student, I (eat) .............. the same things for
breakfast every day.
7. It seems that someone (steal) ............ her wallet while she (pay)
.................. for her shopping.
8. She (travel) ................... for two years before she (decide) ............... to
settle in Rio.
9. I (cook) .................. dinner when my husband (come back)
..................... home and he was angry that it wasn’t ready yet.
10. I still remember that day in June - the sun (shine) .................... and
there (be) ......... no wind.
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Exercise 3.
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the
same. Sparafrazuj poni˝sze zdania, wykorzystujàc podane poczàtki, tak
aby zachowaç ich znaczenie.
1. How long have you worked here?
When .............................................................?
2. She paid the bill before I came back from the toilet.
When I came back from the toilet she ..................................... .
3. I haven’t seen him since 1998.
The last time .................................................................. .
4. In the middle of the meeting I suddenly remembered something.
While .......................................................................... .
5. Nobody told Michael about the party so he didn’t go there.
Michael didn’t go to the party because nobody ............................ .
Exercise 4.
For each of the blank spaces in the text below, choose one of the answers A,
B, C or D. Do ka˝dej z luk w poni˝szym tekÊcie wybierz jednà poprawnà
odpowiedê A, B, C lub D.
At eight o’clock on Thursday morning Arthur 1) ........... very good. He
2)..........., got up, wandered around his bedroom, opened a window, saw
a bulldozer, found his slippers, and stomped off to the bathroom to wash.
Passing the bathroom he stopped to drink a large glass of water, and
another. He began to suspect that he 3) ........... hung over. Why? 4) ..........
the night before? He supposed that the answer was yes. He 5) .......... and
thought . The pub, oh dear, the pub. He 6)............. being angry about
something that 7) .......... important. He 8) .......... people about it. Something about a new bypass he 9) ......just ..... about. It 10) .......... in the
pipeline for months only no one seemed to have known about it.
Adapted from the Hitch Hiker’s Guide to the Galaxy
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Klucz odpowiedzi
Exercise 1.
1. lived
2. was cooking, rang
3. had visited
4. was lying
5. enjoyed
6. Have you seen
7. Did you meet
8. had told
9. was peeling, was frying
10. had bought
Exercise 2.
1. was driving
2. went
3. decided, had had, needed
4. annoyed, was trying
5. were you doing/did you do, told
6. was, ate/used to eat
7. stole, was paying
8. had been travelling, decided
9. was cooking, came back
10. was shining, was
Exercise 3.
1. When did you start workinghere?
2. When I came back from the toilet
she had already paid the bill.
3. The last time I saw him was in1998.
4. While we were having the meeting, I suddenly remembered
something.
5. Michael didn’t go to the party because nobody had told him
about it.
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Exercise 4.
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. B
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