docLanguage Modelling
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Language Modelling
ǣ ᵽ э ȏ ḙ ṍ ɨ ї ẁ ľ ṍ ḯ ⱪ ч ŋ ṏ ɒ ṉ ȧ ź ģ ɑ g ầ ḍ û ȼ ɦ ҫ w ſ ṣ ṑ т я ň ƪ ỡ ę ḗ ǖ ẍ ơ я ḩ ȱ π і ḭ ɬ a ṛ ẻ ḃ ⱥ ԡ ḡ ǟ ṥ ṋ p ị ĕ ɯ t ɩ ố й ẉ ᶆ ṩ ŗ ē ò ė š ḅ ŀ ᶒ ḹ ḅ ű ẅ ȧ ư ṑ ü ỡ ḥ ф ṑ ɓ ҧ ƪ ѣ ẚ ŕ ȅ ů ʆ ġ љ ц ġ ẙ ƣ ç 1 þ ẹ ḱ ẕ ʄ ộ ȕ җ x ứ ƿ ḉ ự û ṻ ᶗ ƪ ý в е ḓ í ɤ ʉ ч ӓ ȉ ṑ ᶖ ễ ᶅ ƛ ҽ ằ ɿ ħ ԕ ḷ ы ṏ ḭ ᶕ ɖ ᵷ ʥ œ ả ẛ ặ č ṥ ĭ ʤ ӕ ɺ β ӟ b y ij ġ ᵭ ỏ ұ д ꜩ ᵴ α ư ᵾ î ẕ ǿ ũ ḡ ė ẫ ẁ ḝ ы ą ţ ý ʬ ḫ e ѓ γ ӷ ф ẹ ᶂ ҙ ṑ ᶇ ӻ ᶅ ᶇ ṉ ı ǭ у ẁ ȫ r ᶔ ĉ ḽ щ ƭ ӵ ʜ ẫ û ṱ ỹ ệ ѕ ӡ е ḹ ж ǯ ḃ ỳ ħ ẙ λ â ӝ ʝ ɻ ɲ d х ʂ ỗ ƌ ế ṹ ɳ ḥ ʠ ᵶ ӻ ỵ ḃ d ủ ᶐ ṗ р ŏ ᵲ ȓ ᶕ å ḽ ɢ ᶋ ӊ ẽ ӯ ẫ ṋ ʋ ᵴ ł ᵲ l e ṣ ᶌ ɩ ɞ ồ ṙ ē ć ṯ ʌ ḷ ў ẓ д һ g ⱪ ç ԅ ď ṫ ḵ ʂ ẛ ẙ җ ӫ ẋ ḅ ễ ʅ ụ ỗ љ ç ɞ ƒ u v ł ɀ ᶕ ȥ ȗ ḟ џ г ƀ ặ ļ ź ï ṕ ẅ w ś ʇ ô ḉ ặ ḏ ᶂ ᶏ ṓ ȫ i ö я ẵ ľ Language Modelling ŧ ẘ ю ǡ ṍ π ḗ ȷ ʗ è ợ ṡ ȏ ʍ è ṭ ȅ s ᵽ ǯ с ê ȳ ȩ ʎ ᵼ ů b ŝ ӎ ʊ þ n ᵳ ḡ ⱪ ӿ ơ ǿ н ɢ ᶋ β ĝ ẵ ƫ f ɓ ľ ś π ẳ ȁ ɼ õ ѵ ƣ ч ḳ є ʝ ƨ ẁ ō ḅ ã ẋ ģ ɗ ḛ м ȍ ì ҥ ḥ ⱶ x ấ ɘ ᵻ l ọ ȭ ȳ ź ṻ ʠ ᵱ ù ķ ѵ ь ṏ ự ñ є ƈ ị ԁ ʃ ề ṳ đ ц ĥ ʈ ӯ ỷ ń ʒ ĉ ī ʅ ʋ ᶍ ԝ ȇ ẘ ṅ ɨ ỉ ԝ ẅ ꜫ ṗ ƹ ɒ ḭ ʐ љ ҕ ù ō ԏ ẫ ḥ ḳ ā ŏ ſ ḙ į ẍ ĵ ɡ ǒ m т ẓ ḽ ą ᵷ ų ҏ ặ ѝ ɨ ᵴ ы ṧ ặ ʒ ɍ ẍ ɴ ɜ ɼ v ᵰ ᵼ æ ṕ ḳ ʊ ż ƛ ṫ ҍ ᶖ ơ ᶅ ǚ ƃ ᵰ ʓ ᶊ ᶆ ŵ ổ ԟ ẻ ꜧ į ỷ ṣ ʎ ḙ ę ӌ ō ȁ ẉ o ṁ ṵ ɑ м ɽ ᶚ ǖ ẋ π ȱ ƭ ȗ ộ ӎ ḃ ј ḻ ᶓ ʑ ĉ ρ ɩ ṛ ъ ṉ ъ ḻ и ṍ ß ᶘ ġ x a ᵬ ǡ ṯ ɸ j ẃ ż ы ế ӽ ʟ ẩ ԑ ƌ ṛ ö ǿ ȯ ṛ ᶂ ẽ ᶗ ᶓ ⱳ ề ằ ỡ ṵ м ж ľ ч ù k ҥ ę й ɖ ᶑ ӿ ą ł ô ɥ ƚ ɛ ŧ ƅ ҿ ạ ẖ ľ ḕ в ⱡ ԙ ń ⱬ ë ᶎ ѳ ŀ ẍ ё ǩ ṕ ȁ ᵶ ᶌ à ń с ċ ḅ ԝ ď ƅ ү ɞ r ḫ ү ų ƶ ṕ ꜧ ā ä ż ṋ ò ḻ ӊ ḿ q ɓ ǐ ă ģ ҭ ǹ ɷ đ ô ḇ ɯ ɔ л ᶁ ǻ o ȥ į ạ ᵹ ẏ ầ ʛ ỳ ẅ ɓ ᶑ k а ḯ ҩ ʛ є ḃ ɔ љ ɑ ỹ ờ ű ӳ ṡ ậ ỹ å α ᵽ ı ḭ ĭ ừ ḝ ԁ ǩ û ǚ ŵ ỏ ʜ ẹ ȥ ẽ ṧ ᶐ ʋ i г ǥ х ʆ ú ē a ẚ ə ï ǔ ɠ м ᶇ з ẑ ɖ y ṇ ɯ ễ ẗ r ӽ ʼn ṟ d ҍ џ ṡ ṙ ẋ ỷ ҡ қ ṉ õ ƫ ᵷ ɓ ȟ ᵸ ⱳ ɻ ṟ е ƭ ᵹ ǽ ԛ ẃ ǒ ɀ ԛ ɫ ɴ ữ ḋ ᵬ ṹ ő ǖ ḫ β ԃ ẹ ᵳ ţ ʗ ᵿ ƥ ɪ ᶘ з ʆ ᶐ a ộ ṳ ᶎ з ᵮ ᶄ ȕ ѝ å ᵾ ß ɋ ӫ ҩ ӆ ȏ ṇ ȱ ᵭ ṵ ʠ ở ň ꜯ j ḕvolume ʌ в ẇ ṵ2 issue ƙ ẃ t 2ᶖ ŭ ẩ ʠ й ṍ ⱬ е ḭ ǫ ɽ ᶔ ừ ó ӣ ẇ a ố2014 ů ơ december ɬ ҙ ʓ ǚ ʉ ỏ ü š ħ ѵ ӈ ᶃ ḵ ď ӡ n ḡ ȼ ṱ ҧ ᶍ i ᶓ č ș ḯ ặ ɒ ӻ м ṕ ᶀ π ᶑ ḱ ʣ ɛ ȩ ȓ á j ʙ ƶ ỳ ƴ ì ᶄ p ʑ ḗ ʤ г ǻ ş ṥ ắ н ü у ḥ ӽ ŕ ґ ḁ ḩ ử ḣ ȱ ś ồ ҥ ź ı ć ŵ ÿ ț ɰ ʝ ḏ ȱ ḣ ű ɦ ʉ ӷ ž о ԓ ɵ ḇ ȩ ự ẍ ḟ ᵿ ŀ ɽ ñ ẻ á ẓ ǵ ử ș ԍ ᵬ ɣ ế ḽ ӳ ü γ ʼn ś ƀ ṫ á ԅ ṿ ḑ ģ ņ ԅ ů г ɷ ᵷ ԝ ȇ Journal of ƨ ұ ɽ ŀ à ᵵ ẅ ḉ ṧ ȯ ԃ ᵽ ʈ ᶚ ǯ g ŀ ḣ ɯ ӛ ɤ ƭ ẵ ʈ ĺ ɔ ḁ ƹ ŧ ủ ᵭ ȼ ś ʂ i ø ṓ ầ ɬ ȗ ь ṙ ɲ ȭ ệ ḗ ж ľ ᶕ ɸ ꜳ l ƛ ӑ ű ѳ ä ǝ ṁ ɥ ķ и с ᵵ ᵮ ȿ ҡ ꝁ щ ʁ ŭ ᶍ ᶖ ṕ ṅ ɖ ᶀ ḱ ṃ ʗ ʄ ḝ ź ḥ č ş ẳ ḭ ḛ ṙ ẽ ʑ ṣ ʉ ǟ ỿ ů ѣ ḩ ȃ ѐ n ọ ᶕ n ρ ԉ ẗ ọ ň ᵲ ậ ờ ꝏ u ṡ ɿ β c ċ ṇ ɣ ƙ ạ w ҳ ɞ ṧ ќ ṡ ᶖ ẍ ᶁ ṵ ŭ ʈ ǔ д ӂ ṷ ô ỵ е ẍ ỳ ḇ е ꜯ ᵾ ũ ẋ ԛ ɱ ᶋ а ǫ ŋ ʋ ʏ ŷ ỏ у ĭ ȩ ǒ ʁ ʄ ổ ȫ þ ә ȕ ɯ ṓ ȭ ɧ ҭ ʜ я ȅ ɧ ᵯ ņ ȫ k ǹ ƣ э ṝ ề ó v ǰ ȉ ү ḵ ṉ ɜ ʣ ӑ ᶗ ɨ ȿ ứ ň k ƃ ʀ и ẙ ᵽ ő в ɔ ũ ч ẍ þ ạ ю м ṽ 0 ṝ 1 ế ṗ 1 1 ꜩ 0 ȇ 0 ẓ 0 ŷ ủ ʌ ᵿ ᶈ ğ ị ɾ ʌ х ṥ 0 ҟ ɍ ẓ ẁ у 1 щ ê 1 ɭ ƛ ḻ ρ 1 ń ṗ ӹ ĥ 1 0 ḛ ḟ ễ ẁ ể ǿ ⱳ ắ ƥ ý ṽ ƌ ỡ ṩ ấ п 0 ẽ ѳ ắ ʠ ż ĝ ꜵ ĵ ṙ я ḳ э ȋ ǜ ᶚ ễ э ф ḁ ʐ ј ǻ ɽ ṷ ԙ ố ʞ ḃ ầ 1 m 0 ҋ α t ḇ 1 1 ẫ ò ǐ ṟ ě ǔ ⱦ ӄ ᶏ ʆ 0 ḗ ḯ 1 0 1 ɱ ṉ ȭ 1 1 ш ɒ ṋ ȭ 0 t ỗ 1 ṕ ȇ 1 ĺ ԁ b ẉ ṩ ȋ ᶆ ᶒ ổ 1 ỵ ƥ ṓ ỻ 1 1 ɀ 0 ỗ ƿ 0 ꜯ ź ɇ ᶌ і ɐ ź ë t ʛ ҷ 1 ȳ 1 λ 1 ɸ f 0 ӽ 1 ʚ 1 0 ȥ ɀ ỵ д 0 ʁ 0 1 ʍ ĺ ĩ ԋ 0 0 1 ḯ й 1 0 1 ᶆ 1 0 ỳ 1 0 ш y ӵ 0 э ᶀ ċ ț ɤ ȫ 0 ҹ 1 1 0 0 ṁ 1 0 ʠ 0 ḳ 0 0 0 0 1 ḃ 0 1 0 ū 0 ừ 0 ꜳ ệ 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 ƺ ŧ ŗ ƒ ɜ ṽ ṻ ʒ ĕ ṓ ӣ ú ȑ 1 0 n ḍ ᶇ 1 0 0 0 ӭ ǯ q ҟ 1 ɡ 1 ᶓ ł 0 ӿ 1 0 0 ʗ ɕ ᶊ 1 ӷ 0 1 s ɝ þ 0 1 0 0 0 ů ṣ ĭ ḵ ń ӆ ā ӱ 0 1 0 ӫ 0 с ể ɐ ş σ ú ȫ 1 1 ҥ g ѓ 1 0 0 ã 0 ų Institute of Computer Science ᶗ 0 1 1 ɛ 1 1 ӑ 1 Polish Academy of Sciences 0 ɚ 0 ḙ 0 0 ŝ 0 ḣ 1 á ᵶ 0 0 0 ȉ Warsaw 1 ӱ 0 0 1 1 ȅ 0 0 0 ң 0 0 1 1 0 ɫ 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 β 1 0 1 0 1 0 ɐ ȣ ȁ ǟ 0 0 1 0 1 ộ є ƣ ḉ ì ź ɲ ʃ ƚ ậ ɩ ɹ ɔ ӛ ẻ о ó ӟ ӂ ṙ ḋ 1 . ɵ ḅ ḋ î ᶔ ḑ ǥ . ſ ž ᶎ ḓ ʜ ĩ ɭ ʏ ᶁ 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 ṵ ố 1 1 ṛ 0 0 ẳ 1 1 ƌ ȣ 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 ǣ 0 1 ћ 1 0 .1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 Journal of Language Modelling volume 2 issue 2 december 2014 A cognitively plausible model for grammar induction 213 Roni Katzir A proof-theoretic semantics for contextual domain restriction Nissim Francez 249 Handling equivalence classes of Optimality-Theoretic comparative tableaux 285 Igor Yanovich 1 journal of language modelling ISSN 2299-8470 (electronic version) ISSN 2299-856X (printed version) http://jlm.ipipan.waw.pl/ managing editor Adam Przepiórkowski ipi pan section editors Elżbieta Hajnicz ipi pan Agnieszka Mykowiecka ipi pan Marcin Woliński ipi pan statistics editor Łukasz Dębowski ipi pan Published by IPI PAN Instytut Podstaw Informatyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk Institute of Computer Science Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Jana Kazimierza 5, 01-248 Warszawa, Poland Circulation: 100 + print on demand Layout designed by Adam Twardoch. Typeset in XƎLATEX using the typefaces: Playfair Display by Claus Eggers Sørensen, Charis SIL by SIL International, JLM monogram by Łukasz Dziedzic. All content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ editorial board Steven Abney University of Michigan, usa Ash Asudeh Carleton University, canada; University of Oxford, united kingdom Chris Biemann Technische Universität Darmstadt, germany Igor Boguslavsky Technical University of Madrid, spain; Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, russia António Branco University of Lisbon, portugal David Chiang University of Southern California, Los Angeles, usa Greville Corbett University of Surrey, united kingdom Dan Cristea University of Iași, romania Jan Daciuk Gdańsk University of Technology, poland Mary Dalrymple University of Oxford, united kingdom Darja Fišer University of Ljubljana, slovenia Anette Frank Universität Heidelberg, germany Claire Gardent cnrs/loria, Nancy, france Jonathan Ginzburg Université Paris-Diderot, france Stefan Th. Gries University of California, Santa Barbara, usa Heiki-Jaan Kaalep University of Tartu, estonia Laura Kallmeyer Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, germany Jong-Bok Kim Kyung Hee University, Seoul, korea Kimmo Koskenniemi University of Helsinki, finland Jonas Kuhn Universität Stuttgart, germany Alessandro Lenci University of Pisa, italy Ján Mačutek Comenius University in Bratislava, slovakia Igor Mel’čuk University of Montreal, canada Glyn Morrill Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, spain Stefan Müller Freie Universität Berlin, germany Reinhard Muskens Tilburg University, netherlands Mark-Jan Nederhof University of St Andrews, united kingdom Petya Osenova Sofia University, bulgaria David Pesetsky Massachusetts Institute of Technology, usa Maciej Piasecki Wrocław University of Technology, poland Christopher Potts Stanford University, usa Louisa Sadler University of Essex, united kingdom Ivan A. Sag † Stanford University, usa Agata Savary Université François Rabelais Tours, france Sabine Schulte im Walde Universität Stuttgart, germany Stuart M. Shieber Harvard University, usa Mark Steedman University of Edinburgh, united kingdom Stan Szpakowicz School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, canada Shravan Vasishth Universität Potsdam, germany Zygmunt Vetulani Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, poland Aline Villavicencio Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, brazil Veronika Vincze University of Szeged, hungary Yorick Wilks Florida Institute of Human and Machine Cognition, usa Shuly Wintner University of Haifa, israel Zdeněk Žabokrtský Charles University in Prague, czech republic
